- Zeitschriftendaten
- Format
- Zeitschrift
- eISSN
- 2719-9509
- Erstveröffentlichung
- 01 Jan 1992
- Erscheinungsweise
- 4 Hefte pro Jahr
- Sprachen
- Englisch
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- Uneingeschränkter Zugang
Tobacco Products and Smoke: General Report
Seitenbereich: 1 - 17
Zusammenfassung
During the last three and a half years remarkable progress has been made in tobacco and tobacco smoke research. The fact that tobacco and smoke constituents of interest generally occur in extremely low concentrations necessarily led to the development of sophisticated analytical methods which were found to be of general interest in microanalysis. The composition of the gaseous phase of tobacco smoke is by now well known owing to studies using a combination of high resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. A great many compounds were identified for the first time in tobacco or tobacco smoke by means of analytical procedures newly developed or adapted from other research fields. Terms concerning the distribution of the total smoke to the different smoke streams have been defined, and the possibilities of selective retention of smoke components have been examined. The distribution of water consisting of tobacco moisture and of combustion water among the different smoke streams and other transportation phenomena in the burning process of a cigarette have been studied. Particle size distribution, the determination of the air permeability of cigarette paper, and the mechanical properties of tobacco have been investigated by means of physical measuring procedures.
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Examination of Aflatoxin B1 in Leaf Tobacco and in Cigarette Smoke Condensate
Seitenbereich: 18 - 20
Zusammenfassung
An examination of several samples of leaf tobacco, including three types of good-grade tobaccos and heavily molded flue-cured tobacco, and of cigarette smoke condensate, failed to detect aflatoxin B1. Pure aflatoxin B1 added to cigarettes was not recovered in the smoke condensate indicating that aflatoxin B1, when present, was changed or decomposed during the smoking process.
- Uneingeschränkter Zugang
A Study on Pipe Smoking by Machines / Beitrag zum Problem des maschinellen Pfeifenabrauchens
Seitenbereich: 21 - 31
Zusammenfassung
The author gives a survey of the publications which have been made up to now regarding the problem of pipe smoking by machines. The parameters which should be set up for the establishment of standard conditions for the smoking of pipes are discussed. The following conditions were found to be useful: puff frequency: 6 puffs per minute, puff volume: 40 ml, duration of puff: 1.5 sec., total number of puffs: 100 puffs per pipe. The reproducibility of this smoking process was found to be satisfactory. The smoking with undivided puffs led to the same results as the smoking with subdivided puffs (puff series). When the same tobacco was once smoked in the pipe and on the other hand as a cigarette, the composition of the mainstream smoke changed. The smoke condensate of the pipe contained more water and more benzo[a]pyrene than the condensate of the cigarette. A possible explanation of this finding is discussed.
- Uneingeschränkter Zugang
A Study on Pipe Smoking / Beitrag zum Studium des Pfeifenrauchens
Seitenbereich: 32 - 39
Zusammenfassung
The objective of the study is to determine the conditions permitting to smoke a pipe to its end in a reproducible way without lighting it too often and without reaching a too hot burn. The smoking conditions should approximate the human smoking conditions. The effects of the following factors on the combustion of tobacco were examined: volume, duration and frequency of puffs, the filling density of tobacco, and the intensity of lighting. The measured experimental criterions were a) the temperature of the smoke behind the pipe head and b) the residue of unburnt tobacco after smoking. The experiments were made on shag and coarse-cut tobaccos of different combustibility. Several combinations of smoking conditions are proposed and submitted for discussion.
- Uneingeschränkter Zugang
Animal Experiments on the Influence of Cigarette Smoke Inhalation on the Respiratory Frequency / Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen über die Beeinflussung der Atmung während der Inhalation von Cigarettenrauch
Seitenbereich: 40 - 44
Zusammenfassung
In confirmation of experimental results previously obtained the investigation of the respiratory frequency of rats and hamsters exposed to inhaled cigarette smoke by means of different principles of procedure revealed that the intake of smoke is no more guaranteed if CO-intoxication exceeds a certain level. The experimental results demonstrate by comparison that smoke inhalation at fixed intervals involves a higher risk of reflex apnea. In relation to the duration of exposure the "open" inhalation procedure affects the frequency of respiration and the one-minute respiratory volume to a smaller extent. The "open" smoking technique permits the intake of larger quantities of smoke and causes less danger to the experimental animal. Hamsters proved to be considerably less susceptible to nicotine and were, therefore, found to be more suitable for inhalation experiments. It should be pointed out that the individual animal species varied in alteration of the respiratory rate. It is once again shown that inhalation experiments are able to produce good results only on the condition that a relatively small CO-intake guarantees a sufficient respiratory frequency.
- Uneingeschränkter Zugang
An Inhalation Apparatus Designed for Laboratory Animals / Berauchungsapparatur für Laboratoriumstiere
Seitenbereich: 45 - 49
Zusammenfassung
A new inhalation apparatus designed for different species of laboratory animals is described. The device provides against significant alteration of the smoke quality and supplies a smoking cycle which guarantees that the animals are exposed to atmospheres containing high concentrations of smoke for quite a long period of time and that the experimental animals are not endangered.