<DIV align=justify> Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research welcomes new, unpublished original contributions and review articles relating to the various aspects of tobacco science, including physical and chemical analysis of tobacco and tobacco smoke, pertinent matters to the manufacture of tobacco products, research into tobacco plants including biotechnology, plant treatment substances, protecting agents, leaf tobacco, statistical data processing, and human smoking behaviour including biomonitoring. <A>Similarity Check Plagiarism Screening System</A> The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. Detailed description of the Similarity Check System can be found at: <A href="https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/">www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/</A> </DIV>

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Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

The unexpected death of Richard Baker at Easter of this year was a shock for all who knew him. It was just in the last Issue of the Journal (Volume 22, No. 4, January 2007) that we as Editors were pleased and proud to print the laudation by Thomas A. Perfetti of Richard Baker who received the 2006 Tobacco Science Research Conference Lifetime Achievement Award. In this Issue, we have the sad duty to print an obituary for Richard Baker. We have asked Ray Thornton, a former Scientific and Regulatory Manager at BAT to write the obituary, because Ray was a colleague, neighbour and friend of Richard Baker.

Abstract

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International, Neustädtische Kirchstraße 8, 10117 Berlin, Germany

<article-title>Editors’ Note</article-title>

{"article-title":"Editors\u2019 Note"}

Richard Baker died at Easter 2007 after a very short illness. It is sad that he died so soon after his retirement from the British American Tobacco Company at the end of 2005, and just as he was beginning to enjoy his new life, even though tobacco science still had a part to play.

<article-title>Obituary: Dr. Richard Roland Baker</article-title>

{"article-title":"Obituary: Dr. Richard Roland Baker"}

For nearly four decades, the expansion of tobacco has been recognized as one of eight technologies significant in the design of a ‘less hazardous’ cigarette. The data previously presented at scientific conferences and/or published in several scientific monographs and journals on the effect of the expansion of tobacco on the composition and biological properties of the mainstream smoke from cigarettes containing it are summarized. In addition, previously unpublished data on the same subjects are presented in considerable detail. Included are 1) the effect of tobacco expansion on the yields of total particulate matter (TPM), nicotine, and several hundred components of cigarette mainstream smoke from control tobacco cigarettes vs. expanded tobacco cigarettes; 2) the changes in mainstream smoke yields of total particulate matter, nicotine, and specific smoke components produced by inclusion of various levels of expanded tobacco in a cigarette blend; and 3) the changes in composition of expanded tobacco. In the latter study, the decrease in levels of numerous significant flavorful components of the tobacco produced by expansion provides the need for inclusion of such compounds in flavor formulations. In study 2), the reductions in per cigarette yields of total particulate matter, nicotine, and several components of concern were determined and confirmed the significance of tobacco expansion as a cigarette design technology to produce what was originally defined as a ‘less hazardous’ cigarette but more recently as a ‘potential reduced exposure product’ (PREP).

430 Burkeridge Court, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27104-2602, USA

212 Cascade Avenue, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27127-2029, USA

2828 Birchwood Drive, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27103-3410, USA

<article-title>The Expansion of Tobacco and Its Effect on Cigarette Mainstream Smoke Properties</article-title>

The Expansion of Tobacco and Its Effect on Cigarette Mainstream Smoke Properties

{"article-title":"The Expansion of Tobacco and Its Effect on Cigarette Mainstream Smoke Properties"}

This paper presents the findings on a quantitative evaluation of carbonyl levels in exhaled cigarette smoke from human subjects. The cigarettes evaluated include products with 5.0 mg ‘tar’, 10.6 mg ‘tar’ and 16.2 mg ‘tar’, where ‘tar’ is defined as the weight of total wet particulate matter (TPM) minus the weight of nicotine and water, and the cigarettes are smoked following U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recommendations. The measured levels of carbonyls in the exhaled smoke were compared with calculated yields of carbonyls in the inhaled smoke and a retention efficiency was obtained. The number of human subjects included a total of ten smokers for the 10.6 mg ‘tar’, five for the 16.2 mg ‘tar’, and five for the 5.0 mg ‘tar’ product, each subject smoking three cigarettes. The analyzed carbonyl compounds included several aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde and n-butyraldehyde), and two ketones (acetone and 2-butanone). The smoke collection from the human subjects was vacuum assisted. Exhaled smoke was collected on Cambridge pads pretreated with a solution of dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the dinitrophenylhydrazones of the carbonyl compounds. The cigarette butts from the smokers were collected and analyzed for nicotine. The nicotine levels for the cigarette butts from the smokers were used to calculate the level of carbonyls in the inhaled smoke, based on calibration curves. These were generated separately by analyzing the carbonyls in smoke and the nicotine in the cigarette butts obtained by machine smoking under different puffing regimes. The comparison of the level of carbonyl compounds in exhaled smoke with that from the inhaled smoke showed high retention of all the carbonyls. The retention of aldehydes was above 95% for all three different ‘tar’ levels cigarettes. The ketones were retained with a slightly lower efficiency. Acetone was retained in the range of 90% to 95%. The retention for 2-butanone showed a larger scatter compared to other results but it also appeared to be slightly less absorbed than the aldehydes, with an average retention around 95%. The retention of acetaldehyde and acetone by human smokers was previously reported in literature and the findings from this study are in very good agreement with these result.

R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 950 Reynolds Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27105, USA

<article-title>Determination of Carbonyl Compounds in Exhaled Cigarette Smoke</article-title>

Determination of Carbonyl Compounds in Exhaled Cigarette Smoke

{"article-title":"Determination of Carbonyl Compounds in Exhaled Cigarette Smoke"}

A mathematical model on the temperature and oxygen profiles for the tobacco warehouse aging process was formulated and solved by numeric analysis. The model parameters were obtained using the non-linear regression method by fitting several years measured temperatures to the model. The R square value between measured and calculated tobacco temperatures in warehouse aging process are all over 0.95. The proposed model can be used to predict the tobacco hogshead temperature profile at different time and positions with ambient temperature, tobacco moisture contents and pH. At the same time, the model also predicts the oxygen profile in the hogshead. The effects of the ambient temperature, pH, void fraction, the reaction active energy, oxygen diffusivity, and the oxygen consumption rate constant on the temperature profile were studied.

Department of R&D, US Smokeless Tobacco Inc., 800 Harrison Street, Nashville, TN 37203, USA

<article-title>A Model for the Prediction of Tobacco Temperature and Oxygen Profiles in Warehouse Aging Process</article-title>

A Model for the Prediction of Tobacco Temperature and Oxygen Profiles in Warehouse Aging Process

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Advistory Board: Bernhard Eitzinger, delfortgroup AG, Traun, Austria Daniel Heck, RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Anne Fisher, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Hubert Klus, St. Pölten, Austria John H. Lauterbach, Lauterbach & Associates LLC, Macon, GA, USA Ramsey Lewis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA Michael W. Ogden, RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Thilo Paschke, Japan Tobacco International SA, Geneva, Switzerland Stephen Purkis, Bristol, UK Elmar Richter, Walther Straub Institute, Department of Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Wolfram Roeper, Hamburg, Germany Wolfgang Trinkies, Bayreuth, Germany Martin R. Ward, Southampton, UK Andreas Zemann, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria Editors Prof. Dr. Wolf-Dieter Heller Prof. Dr. Gerhard Scherer Contact <A href="mailto:editors@beitraege-bti.de">editors@beitraege-bti.de</A> Publisher De Gruyter Poland Bogumiła Zuga 32A Str. 01-811 Warsaw, Poland T: +48 22 701 50 15

<DIV align=justify> Please submit your manuscripts to Contributions to Tobacco Research via Editorial Manager system to: <A href="http://www.editorialmanager.com/btfi">www.editorialmanager.com/btfi</A> Open Access License Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter einer <A href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International Lizenz</A> (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Autoren, die in dieser Zeitschrift veröffentlichen, behalten alle Urheberrechte und stimmen den Bedingungen der oben genannten CC BY-NC-SA 4.0-Lizenz zu. </DIV>

<DIV align=justify> Please submit your manuscripts to Contributions to Tobacco Research via Editorial Manager system to: <A href="http://www.editorialmanager.com/btfi">www.editorialmanager.com/btfi</A> Open Access License This work is licensed under a <A href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</A> (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. </DIV>

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