- Zeitschriftendaten
- Format
- Zeitschrift
- eISSN
- 2719-9509
- Erstveröffentlichung
- 01 Jan 1992
- Erscheinungsweise
- 4 Hefte pro Jahr
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- Englisch
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- Uneingeschränkter Zugang
The Measurement of Thiol Reactivity in Cigarette Smoke
Seitenbereich: 399 - 403
Zusammenfassung
An analytical method of establishing a quality index for fresh smoke is described. It is based on the reaction between cysteine and a number of smoke constituents such as oxides of nitrogen, aldehydes and unsaturated carbonyls. The method can be used for product screening, the measurement of filter performance, or for assessing tobacco quality.
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Analysis of Trends Concerning the Problem of Consumption of Nicotine and Smoke Condensate in the Federal Republic of Germany for the Period 1961 to 1975/Trendanalysen zum Problem des Verbrauches an Nikotin und Rauchkondensat in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland für die Jahre 1961 bis 1975
Seitenbereich: 404 - 414
Zusammenfassung
Numerous investigations and data on the development of smoke condensate and nicotine in German cigarettes, the changes in the market shares, the length of cigarettes smoked in laboratories and by the average consumer, and the per capita consumption of cigarettes in the Federal Republic of Germany were utilised in calculating the average delivery of smoke condensate and nicotine and for estimating the per capita consumption of moist and dry cigarette smoke condensate and the nicotine contained in it. In the period from 1961 to 1975 (for dry condensate figures are available only for 1966 to 1975) all these figures display a downward trend. Expressed in terms of the totaI population the reduction in moist condensate is about 31 %, nicotine about 40 % and dry condensate (for the shorter period 1966 to 1975) about 22 %. The percentages of smokers in the German population and among foreign workers, the development and age structure of the resident population and of the percentage of foreign workers were utilised to also ascertain from the above results the development of the condensate and nicotine consumption of the potentiaI and actual smokers. The result is again a reduction of consumption of approx. 36 % for moist condensate, of approx. 45 % for nicotine and 26 % for dry condensate (in the shorter period 1966 to 1975) a smoker. If these figures are converted to the equivalent of cigarettes of the type smoked in 1961 the consumption of 21 cigarettes a smoker established for 1975 corresponds to a mere 10 cigarettes of the type smoked in 1961. The actuaI daily consumption at that time, however, was about 15 cigarettes a smoker.
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The Characterization of Cigarette Smoke from Cytrel® Smoking Products and its Comparison to Smoke from Flue-Cured Tobacco: I. Vapour Phase Analysis
Seitenbereich: 415 - 421
Zusammenfassung
The vapour phase of smoke from cigarettes containing Cytrel has been extensively characterized and compared to that from identicaI cigarettes made from several blend levels of Cytrel and tobacco as well as those made from 100 % flue-cured tobacco. In only two instances out of sixty did 100 % Cytrel cigarettes deliver equivalent or greater amounts of any compound than did the corresponding tobacco cigarettes. For the remaining compounds reductions were observed in a predictable fashion for aII Cytrel-tobacco blend cigarettes examined. In the course of these analyses no compound was observed in smoke from Cytrel cigarettes that was not also present in tobacco smoke.
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The Characterization of Cigarette Smoke from Cytrel® Smoking Products and its Comparison to Smoke from Flue-Cured Tobacco: II. Semi-Volatile Phase Analysis
Seitenbereich: 422 - 429
Zusammenfassung
Major semi-volatile components from Cytrel cigarette smoke have been characterized and compared to the smoke from flue-cured tobacco cigarettes. Significantly greater numbers of cigarettes are required to produce the Cytrel scans due to the very low tar deliveries of these cigarettes. Even so, the CytreI scans are far simpler than those from tobacco-containing samples. Using triacetin delivered from the cigarette filters as an internal standard, numerical data have been derived to compare semi-volatile components from 100 % Cytrel with 100 % flue-cured tobacco and with a 50 % blend with tobacco on an approximately equal cigarette basis. Of the 128 semi-volatile components compared, 37 were found only in tobacco-containing samples and 66 others were present in significantly greater amounts in tobacco than in CytreI. No components were found in CytreI semi-volatiles that were not also present in tobacco smoke. GlyceroI, which is present in Cytrel smoke, does not appear in the 130°C semi-volatile fraction obtained by the capsule sampling technique.
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The Characterization of Cigarette Smoke from Cytrel® Smoking Products and its Comparison to Smoke from Flue-Cured Tobacco: III. Particulate Phase Analysis
Seitenbereich: 430 - 437
Zusammenfassung
The particulate phases delivered from cigarettes containing 100 % Cytrel, 100 % flue-cured tobacco, and blends of Cytrel and tobacco have been extensively characterized. Approximately 70 % of Cambridge particulate matter (CPM) from 100 % Cytrel cigarettes has been defined. A considerably smaller fraction of CPM from 100 % tobacco cigarettes has been similarly defined because of its greater complexity. Only two of the components observed in the particulate phase, glyceroI and possibly sodium, were delivered in higher amounts by 100 % Cytrel cigarettes than by 100 % tobacco cigarettes. For all other species deliveries were lower from 100 % Cytrel cigarettes. In cigarettes containing blends of Cytrel and tobacco the deliveries of alI components were shown to follow an approximately linear relationship with blend level.
- Uneingeschränkter Zugang
Methods for the Determination of Phytopharmaceuticals in Tobacco and Tobacco Products1st Report: On the Simultaneous Determination of Water-soluble Organophosphoric Pesticides/Methoden zur Bestimmung von Phytopharmaka in Tabak und Tabakerzeugnissen: I. Mitteilung: Zur Simultanbestimmung von wasserlöslichen Organophosphor-Pflanzenschutzmitteln
Seitenbereich: 438 - 446
Zusammenfassung
Sissons and Telling's (18) method for the simultaneous determination of water-soluble organophosphoric pesticides in vegetables has been successfully applied to tobacco. With this method monocrotophos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, formothion, methyl demeton-S-methyl, mevinphos, paraoxonmethyl, phosphamidon and trichlorphon can be quantitatively analysed speedily and with good recoveries.
- Uneingeschränkter Zugang
Methods for the Determination of Phytopharmaceuticals in Tobacco and Tobacco Products2nd Report: On the Simultaneous Determination of Hexane-soluble Organophosphoric Pesticides/Methoden zur Bestimmung von Phytopharmaka in Tabak und Tabakerzeugnissen: II. Mitteilung: Zur Simultanbestimmung von hexanIöslichen Organophosphor-Pflanzenschutzmitteln
Seitenbereich: 447 - 454
Zusammenfassung
With reference to a simultaneous determination of hexane-soluble organophosphoric phytopharmaceuticals in vegetables (1), a method for quantitatively analysing residues of chlorfenvinphos, fenitrothion, fenchlorphos, dimephenthoate, chlorpyriphos, parathion-methyl, parathion, phorate, phosvel, phosalone, ethoprophos, methidathion, salithion and tetrachlorvinphos in tobacco has been developed. Recoveries are between 75 % and 124 %, the detection Iimits between 0.01 ppm and 0.1 ppm.
- Uneingeschränkter Zugang
The Effect of the Economic Depression on the Length of Cigarette Butts in the Federal Republic of Germany/Die Auswirkung der wirtschaftlichen Rezession auf die Länge der Cigarettenstummel in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Seitenbereich: 455 - 458
Zusammenfassung
The influence of the economic depression on the length of cigarette butts in the Federal Republic of Germany was investigated in the summer of 1974. After the interruption of the continual increase in the butt lengths of filter cigarettes and plain cigarettes by the tobacco tax rise on 1st September 1972, there was a further decrease in the butt lengths untiI August 1974. This was 0.44 mm for filter cigarettes and 1.5 mm for plain cigarettes. The lengths of butts discarded by smokers were on average
- Uneingeschränkter Zugang
On Units of Measurement for the Indication of Carbon Monoxide in Cigarette Smoke / Über Masseinheiten für die Angabe von Kohlenmonoxid in Cigarettenrauch
Seitenbereich: 459 - 460
Zusammenfassung
It is proposed to express carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke in ml CO/cigarette with 20°C as temperature of reference and 1.013 bar as pressure of reference.