<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In terms of botanical composition, grassland vegetation in experimental plots and field studies can be described by means of different parameters (plant density, cover, frequency or yield proportion). Each parameter describes different features, which under certain circumstances may be correlated one to each other to some extent, but are not fully equivalent. The choice of the parameter to be assessed depends therefore, in first instance, on the specific aim of the investigation. For the assessment of the chosen parameter, many methods are available that differ from each other in terms of subjectivity, precision, effort and requirement for technical equipment. The choice of method depends mainly on the required precision, the affordable effort and on the available resources.</abstract>

Methods to describe the botanical composition of vegetation in grassland research

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Five differently developed soils aged 6, 35, 80, 150, and >5000 years with the same bedrock and the same (current) climate conditions were chosen to assess abiotic and enzymatic properties as well as methanogenic and methanotrophic activities. Most abiotic properties (dry weight, pH, soil organic matter, and ammonium content), enzyme activities (dehydrogenase [DH] activity, ammonification [AM] rate, dimethylsulfoxide reduction), and potential methane oxidation (PoMO) per gram of dry weight (DW) increased with soil age. In contrast, potential methane production (PoMP) as well as the nitrate content per gram of DW and most enzymatic properties per gram of soil organic matter (SOM) did not increase with soil age but reached its maximum in the middle-aged soils (80–150 years). Our results show that (i) microbial activity does not consequently increase with SOM content/soil age; (ii) methane production can be measured in undeveloped soils, whereas methane oxidation is more restricted to fully developed soils; and (iii) certain soil modifications (change in water content, ammonium addition) could influence potential methane production/oxidation. When considering the concurrent release of raw soil because of the melting of perpetual ice, these data could help to better understand and assess the consequences of global change.</abstract>

Potential methane production and oxidation along the soil chronosequence of the Rotmoos glacier forefield

<trans-abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Currently discussed phenomena like more frequent surface runoff after heavy rainfall events, increasing soil erosion and reduced yield stability can be explained to some extent by soil structure properties and a resulting, spatially differing saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil. For this purpose, samples from 766 soil profiles under arable and grassland use in the four major natural environments of Schleswig-Holstein (Weichselian glacial area, Higher and Lower Geest, Marshland) were taken and, inter alia, the saturated hydraulic conductivity in vertical and horizontal direction and thereby its directional dependency (anisotropy) was evaluated down to the 60 cm depth. The results prove an enhanced anisotropy of the hydraulic conductivity in horizontal direction, with variations depending on the parent material, soil type and clay content, as well as the land use. The subsoils under arable land exhibit a horizontal anisotropy that is most distinct below the plow pan (≤ 40 cm depth) and can be explained by the development of a platy soil structure as a consequence of the management (tillage). Soils under grassland use exhibit a horizontal anisotropy mainly in the topsoils, whereby it is additionally very pronounced in the subsoils of the two Geest regions with a high percentage of dairy farming. Such anisotropy effects, especially in the subsoils under arable land use, can be determined soil type specifically for the representative soils of the Weichselian glacial area: Anthrosols (“Colluvic”), Stagnic Luvisols and Stagnosols. The chronological sequence of the horizontal hydraulic conductivity mirrors their high sensitivity against anthropogenic soil structure changes (development of plates), which have clearly increased in the Weichselian glacial area during the latest 30 years.</trans-abstract>

Anisotropy of the hydraulic conductivity of soils in the geological regions of Schleswig-Holstein (Northern Germany) under arable und grassland use

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Digestates and compost are used as valuable fertilizers in agriculture because of their benefits for plant nutrition and carbon sequestration potential. These amendments are also suspected to interfere negatively with the soil. To compare their relevance for priming effect and hydrophobicity of soils, two amounts of digestate or compost, respectively, were mixed with a homogenized cambic Luvisol and a Podzol. The basal respiration rate (BAS), the repellency index (RI) and organic carbon content (Corg) of pre-dried mixtures were investigated. The podsolic mixture showed quantitative reduction of Corg and increased BAS (this effect was not statistically significant) due to priming effect through microbial stimulation. As a result of enhanced organic substance (OS) protection in the cambic Luvisol mixture, constant amounts of Corg and declined BAS could be detected. The wettability was reduced in both soils: either directly by the supply of amphiphilic components or indirectly by increased incorporation of microbial exudates. This reduction was not statistically significant. Higher contents of available organic compounds in digestates and higher amounts of hydrophobic humic acids in the compost could be assumed to be decisive for generation of hydrophobicity. Also the soil texture controlled the microbial decomposition by higher incorporation of OS in finer pores and contributed to the protection against microbial decay.</abstract>

Compared impact of compost and digestate on priming effect and hydrophobicity of soils depending on textural composition

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The bacterial nodulation (<italic>nod</italic>) genes are essential in the formation process of root nodules. This study was aimed to verify the occurrence of nodule-associated bacteria in two pea varieties (“Tarchalska” and “Klif ”) inoculated with <italic>Rhizobium</italic> inoculants – Nitragine™ and a noncommercial one produced by the Polish Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG). The number of colonies isolated on yeast extract mannitol (YEM) agar from the nodules of “Klif ” inoculated with IUNG inoculants was significantly higher than the number of colonies isolated from other variants. Species identification was based on sequencing of 16S rDNA, which revealed that despite careful sterilization of nodules, sequences of other bacterial species were detected. Among them, one sequence belonged to <italic>Rhizobium leguminosarum</italic> (isolated from IUNG inoculant). To assess the presence of nodulation-capable <italic>Rhizobium</italic>, amplification of the <italic>nodC</italic> gene was performed, which revealed that of 29 samples, 19 were positive. The remaining isolates, including reference strain and bacteria isolated from Nitragine™, lacked this gene. The results show that pea nodules harbor a very diverse community of bacteria. The lack of <italic>nodC</italic> gene in some strains isolated from plants inoculated with Nitragine™ and with IUNG inoculant proves that even if <italic>R. leguminosarum</italic> are abundant, they may not be efficient in nodulation.</abstract>

<italic>NodC</italic>-based evaluation of the occurrence of bacteria in nodules of <italic>Pisum sativum</italic> isolated on YEM agar

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Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment

“Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment” is an interdisciplinary forum dedicated to all aspects of research in the rural area. Our aim is to provide an international outlet for new results in all disciplines of land management, food, environment and related sciences.  The journal publishes in an open access model.  Rejection Rate   10 % (2014)   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.  Copyright Policy  The work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.  Peer Review process  The journal uses a double-blind reviewing process, thus authors remain anonymous to referees and referees remain anonymous to authors. 

Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment

Volume 70 (2019): Issue 1 (March 2019)

Research Article

Methods to describe the botanical composition of vegetation in grassland research

Potential methane production and oxidation along the soil chronosequence of the Rotmoos glacier forefield

Anisotropy of the hydraulic conductivity of soils in the geological regions of Schleswig-Holstein (Northern Germany) under arable und grassland use

Compared impact of compost and digestate on priming effect and hydrophobicity of soils depending on textural composition

NodC-based evaluation of the occurrence of bacteria in nodules of Pisum sativum isolated on YEM agar

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