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  2. Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research
  3. Volume 14 (1990): Issue 6 (June 1990)

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Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research

Tom 32 (2023): Zeszyt 3 (July 2023)

Tom 32 (2023): Zeszyt 2 (May 2023)

Tom 32 (2023): Zeszyt 1 (March 2023)

Tom 31 (2022): Zeszyt 3 (November 2022)

Tom 31 (2022): Zeszyt 2 (July 2022)

Tom 31 (2022): Zeszyt 1 (March 2022)

Tom 30 (2021): Zeszyt 4 (November 2021)

Tom 30 (2021): Zeszyt 3 (July 2021)

Tom 30 (2021): Zeszyt 2 (May 2021)

Tom 30 (2021): Zeszyt 1 (March 2021)

Tom 29 (2020): Zeszyt 3 (December 2020)

Tom 29 (2020): Zeszyt 2 (August 2020)

Tom 29 (2020): Zeszyt 1 (April 2020)

Tom 28 (2019): Zeszyt 7 (December 2019)

Tom 28 (2019): Zeszyt 6 (August 2019)

Tom 28 (2019): Zeszyt 5 (May 2019)

Tom 28 (2018): Zeszyt 4 (December 2018)

Tom 28 (2018): Zeszyt 3 (October 2018)

Tom 28 (2018): Zeszyt 2 (August 2018)

Tom 28 (2018): Zeszyt 1 (April 2018)

Tom 27 (2017): Zeszyt 8 (December 2017)

Tom 27 (2017): Zeszyt 7 (September 2017)

Tom 27 (2017): Zeszyt 6 (April 2017)

Tom 27 (2017): Zeszyt 5 (January 2017)

Tom 27 (2016): Zeszyt 4 (October 2016)

Tom 27 (2016): Zeszyt 3 (July 2016)

Tom 27 (2016): Zeszyt 2 (April 2016)

Tom 27 (2016): Zeszyt 1 (January 2016)

Tom 26 (2015): Zeszyt 7 (September 2015)

Tom 26 (2015): Zeszyt 6 (June 2015)

Tom 26 (2015): Zeszyt 5 (March 2015)

Tom 26 (2015): Zeszyt 4 (January 2015)

Tom 26 (2014): Zeszyt 3 (September 2014)

Tom 26 (2014): Zeszyt 2 (July 2014)

Tom 26 (2014): Zeszyt 1 (April 2014)

Tom 25 (2013): Zeszyt 8 (December 2013)

Tom 25 (2013): Zeszyt 7 (September 2013)

Tom 25 (2013): Zeszyt 6 (June 2013)

Tom 25 (2013): Zeszyt 5 (March 2013)

Tom 25 (2012): Zeszyt 4 (December 2012)

Tom 25 (2012): Zeszyt 3 (August 2012)

Tom 25 (2012): Zeszyt 2 (June 2012)

Tom 25 (2012): Zeszyt 1 (February 2012)

Tom 24 (2011): Zeszyt 6 (November 2011)

Tom 24 (2011): Zeszyt 5 (May 2011)

Tom 24 (2011): Zeszyt 4 (January 2011)

Tom 24 (2010): Zeszyt 3 (November 2010)

Tom 24 (2010): Zeszyt 2 (July 2010)

Tom 24 (2010): Zeszyt 1 (April 2010)

Tom 23 (2009): Zeszyt 6 (December 2009)

Tom 23 (2009): Zeszyt 5 (September 2009)

Tom 23 (2009): Zeszyt 4 (May 2009)

Tom 23 (2008): Zeszyt 3 (December 2008)

Tom 23 (2008): Zeszyt 2 (August 2008)

Tom 23 (2008): Zeszyt 1 (April 2008)

Tom 22 (2007): Zeszyt 5 (June 2007)

Tom 22 (2007): Zeszyt 4 (January 2007)

Tom 22 (2006): Zeszyt 3 (October 2006)

Tom 22 (2006): Zeszyt 2 (July 2006)

Tom 22 (2006): Zeszyt 1 (April 2006)

Tom 21 (2005): Zeszyt 8 (December 2005)

Tom 21 (2005): Zeszyt 7 (October 2005)

Tom 21 (2005): Zeszyt 6 (July 2005)

Tom 21 (2005): Zeszyt 5 (April 2005)

Tom 21 (2004): Zeszyt 4 (December 2004)

Tom 21 (2004): Zeszyt 3 (October 2004)

Tom 21 (2004): Zeszyt 2 (July 2004)

Tom 21 (2004): Zeszyt 1 (March 2004)

Tom 20 (2003): Zeszyt 8 (December 2003)

Tom 20 (2003): Zeszyt 7 (November 2003)

Tom 20 (2003): Zeszyt 6 (July 2003)

Tom 20 (2003): Zeszyt 5 (March 2003)

Tom 20 (2002): Zeszyt 4 (December 2002)

Tom 20 (2002): Zeszyt 3 (August 2002)

Tom 20 (2002): Zeszyt 2 (June 2002)

Tom 20 (2002): Zeszyt 1 (February 2002)

Tom 19 (2001): Zeszyt 7 (October 2001)

Tom 19 (2001): Zeszyt 6 (July 2001)

Tom 19 (2001): Zeszyt 5 (April 2001)

Tom 19 (2001): Zeszyt 4 (January 2001)

Tom 19 (2000): Zeszyt 3 (October 2000)

Tom 19 (2000): Zeszyt 2 (July 2000)

Tom 19 (2000): Zeszyt 1 (April 2000)

Tom 18 (1999): Zeszyt 6 (December 1999)

Tom 18 (1999): Zeszyt 5 (July 1999)

Tom 18 (1999): Zeszyt 4 (April 1999)

Tom 18 (1998): Zeszyt 3 (December 1998)

Tom 18 (1998): Zeszyt 2 (August 1998)

Tom 18 (1998): Zeszyt 1 (April 1998)

Tom 17 (1997): Zeszyt 3 (December 1997)

Tom 17 (1997): Zeszyt 2 (September 1997)

Tom 17 (1996): Zeszyt 1 (December 1996)

Tom 16 (1995): Zeszyt 4 (November 1995)

Tom 16 (1995): Zeszyt 3 (July 1995)

Tom 16 (1994): Zeszyt 2 (June 1994)

Tom 16 (1994): Zeszyt 1 (May 1994)

Tom 15 (1992): Zeszyt 3 (November 1992)

Tom 15 (1992): Zeszyt 2 (April 1992)

Tom 15 (1991): Zeszyt 1 (August 1991)

Tom 14 (1990): Zeszyt 6 (June 1990)

Tom 14 (1989): Zeszyt 5 (October 1989)

Tom 14 (1989): Zeszyt 4 (February 1989)

Tom 14 (1989): Zeszyt 3 (January 1989)

Tom 14 (1988): Zeszyt 2 (October 1988)

Tom 14 (1987): Zeszyt 1 (December 1987)

Tom 13 (1986): Zeszyt 5 (December 1986)

Tom 13 (1986): Zeszyt 4 (August 1986)

Tom 13 (1986): Zeszyt 3 (July 1986)

Tom 13 (1985): Zeszyt 2 (December 1985)

Tom 13 (1985): Zeszyt 1 (January 1985)

Tom 12 (1984): Zeszyt 5 (November 1984)

Tom 12 (1984): Zeszyt 4 (July 1984)

Tom 12 (1984): Zeszyt 3 (February 1984)

Tom 12 (1983): Zeszyt 2 (June 1983)

Tom 12 (1983): Zeszyt 1 (February 1983)

Tom 11 (1982): Zeszyt 5 (November 1982)

Tom 11 (1982): Zeszyt 4 (August 1982)

Tom 11 (1982): Zeszyt 3 (January 1982)

Tom 11 (1981): Zeszyt 2 (September 1981)

Tom 11 (1981): Zeszyt 1 (March 1981)

Tom 10 (1980): Zeszyt 3 (October 1980)

Tom 10 (1980): Zeszyt 2 (July 1980)

Tom 10 (1979): Zeszyt 1 (December 1979)

Tom 9 (1978): Zeszyt 5 (December 1978)

Tom 9 (1978): Zeszyt 4 (July 1978)

Tom 9 (1977): Zeszyt 3 (October 1977)

Tom 9 (1977): Zeszyt 2 (June 1977)

Tom 9 (1977): Zeszyt 1 (April 1977)

Tom 8 (1976): Zeszyt 7 (October 1976)

Tom 8 (1976): Zeszyt 6 (June 1976)

Tom 8 (1976): Zeszyt 5 (March 1976)

Tom 8 (1975): Zeszyt 4 (December 1975)

Tom 8 (1975): Zeszyt 3 (August 1975)

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Tom 8 (1975): Zeszyt 1 (January 1975)

Tom 7 (1974): Zeszyt 5 (September 1974)

Tom 7 (1974): Zeszyt 4 (April 1974)

Tom 7 (1973): Zeszyt 3 (November 1973)

Tom 7 (1973): Zeszyt 2 (June 1973)

Tom 7 (1973): Zeszyt 1 (January 1973)

Tom 6 (1972): Zeszyt 5 (October 1972)

Tom 6 (1972): Zeszyt 4 (August 1972)

Tom 6 (1972): Zeszyt 3 (March 1972)

Tom 6 (1971): Zeszyt 2 (September 1971)

Tom 6 (1971): Zeszyt 1 (July 1971)

Tom 5 (1970): Zeszyt 6 (December 1970)

Tom 5 (1970): Zeszyt 5 (November 1970)

Tom 5 (1970): Zeszyt 4 (August 1970)

Tom 5 (1969): Zeszyt 3 (December 1969)

Tom 5 (1969): Zeszyt 2 (August 1969)

Tom 5 (1969): Zeszyt 1 (June 1969)

Tom 4 (1968): Zeszyt 7 (December 1968)

Tom 4 (1968): Zeszyt 6 (November 1968)

Tom 4 (1968): Zeszyt 5 (July 1968)

Tom 4 (1968): Zeszyt 4 (May 1968)

Tom 4 (1968): Zeszyt 3 (February 1968)

Tom 4 (1967): Zeszyt 2 (October 1967)

Tom 4 (1967): Zeszyt 1 (August 1967)

Tom 3 (1966): Zeszyt 9 (December 1966)

Tom 3 (1966): Zeszyt 8 (December 1966)

Tom 3 (1966): Zeszyt 7 (November 1966)

Tom 3 (1966): Zeszyt 6 (September 1966)

Tom 3 (1966): Zeszyt 5 (May 1966)

Tom 3 (1965): Zeszyt 4 (October 1965)

Tom 3 (1965): Zeszyt 3 (August 1965)

Tom 3 (1965): Zeszyt 2 (May 1965)

Tom 3 (1965): Zeszyt 1 (April 1965)

Tom 2 (1964): Zeszyt 7 (November 1964)

Tom 2 (1964): Zeszyt 6 (October 1964)

Tom 2 (1964): Zeszyt 5 (May 1964)

Tom 2 (1964): Zeszyt 4 (February 1964)

Tom 2 (1963): Zeszyt 3 (October 1963)

Tom 2 (1963): Zeszyt 2 (June 1963)

Tom 2 (1963): Zeszyt 1 (March 1963)

Tom 1 (1962): Zeszyt 10 (December 1962)

Tom 1 (1962): Zeszyt 9 (December 1962)

Tom 1 (1962): Zeszyt 8 (November 1962)

Tom 1 (1962): Zeszyt 7 (November 1962)

Tom 1 (1962): Zeszyt 6 (July 1962)

Tom 1 (1962): Zeszyt 5 (February 1962)

Tom 1 (1961): Zeszyt 4 (November 1961)

Tom 1 (1961): Zeszyt 3 (August 1961)

Tom 1 (1961): Zeszyt 2 (May 1961)

Tom 1 (1961): Zeszyt 1 (January 1961)

Informacje o czasopiśmie
Format
Czasopismo
eISSN
2719-9509
Pierwsze wydanie
01 Jan 1992
Częstotliwość wydawania
4 razy w roku
Języki
Angielski

Wyszukiwanie

Tom 14 (1990): Zeszyt 6 (June 1990)

Informacje o czasopiśmie
Format
Czasopismo
eISSN
2719-9509
Pierwsze wydanie
01 Jan 1992
Częstotliwość wydawania
4 razy w roku
Języki
Angielski

Wyszukiwanie

0 Artykułów
Otwarty dostęp

Alkaloid Composition of the Nicotiana Species

VA Sisson oraz
VA Sisson oraz
RF Severson
RF Severson
Data publikacji: 06 Jan 2015
Zakres stron: 327 - 339

Abstrakt

Abstract

Plants from 64 Nicotiana species were sampled in the greenhouse in 1983 and 1984 and from the field in 1985 and 1986 for the purpose of developing a chemical profile of each species. Mature green leaves were harvested at flowering, freeze-dried and ground to pass a 1 mm screen prior to chemical analysis. In this study we report the type and amounts of nicotinoid alkaloids. Alkaloid values were determined by glass-capillary gas chromatography and were averaged over the two years for each environment. Both total alkaloids (mg g-1 dry weight) and the distribution (percentage composition) of nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine, and anatabine were highly correlated between years for greenhouse and field samples. Greenhouse and field data were highly correlated, although total-alkaloid levels were significantly higher from field-grown plants. All of the Nicotiana species tested contained a measurable alkaloid fraction (at least 10 µg g-1). There was a wide range in total-alkaloid levels with nearly a 200-fold difference among greenhouse-grown samples and a 400-fold difference among field-grown species. In general, total-alkaloid levels among the species were found to be relatively low. Eleven species were found to have a different alkaloid composition when green leaf and air-dried samples were compared. Evidence is presented for the association between alkaloid characteristics and the phylogenetic classification of the species in the genus.

Otwarty dostęp

Practical Modeling of Filter Filtration Efficiency

J Kao
J Kao
Data publikacji: 06 Jan 2015
Zakres stron: 341 - 352

Abstrakt

Abstract

A simple and general mathematical model has been developed to calculate filter-filtration efficiency, which is based on practical design parameters: pressure drop, filter dimension, flow rate, and filament denier. This model has been verified by examining published experimental data, which include a broad range of design parameters. This model surpasses other models currently described in the literature in terms of accuracy. The drag force of the filter (which is accounted for by the pressure drop times the circumference squared, DP • C2) appears to be the most important contribution to filter-filtration efficiency, but its contribution can be drastically reduced by varying design parameters.

Otwarty dostęp

A Review of the Uses of Nuclear Radiation in Tobacco and Smoke Research

RW Jenkins
RW Jenkins
Data publikacji: 06 Jan 2015
Zakres stron: 353 - 378

Abstrakt

Abstract

In summary, nuclear radiation has been widely used to elucidate many aspects of the mechanisms of tobacco being converted to smoke. In addition, the mechanisms of smoke transfer, tobacco inorganic chemistry and smoke filtration have been clarified by many authors worldwide. The newer techniques now being developed, using radiation detection coupled with the enhanced use of electronic-data reduction and interpretation, promise to continue the important role these techniques have played in understanding smoke-formation mechanisms.

Otwarty dostęp

Effect of Exogenous Potassium on the Reduction in Tar, Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide Deliveries in the Mainstream Smoke of Cigarettes

T Yamamoto,
T Yamamoto,
S Umemura oraz
S Umemura oraz
H Kaneko
H Kaneko
Data publikacji: 06 Jan 2015
Zakres stron: 379 - 385

Abstrakt

Abstract

Deliveries of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide in mainstream smoke decreased as the exogenous-potassium content of tobacco increased. The puff count was almost unchanged with added potassium malate, but slightly decreased with added nitrate. Potassium malate was more effective than the nitrate for the reduction of carbon monoxide, whereas the opposite was observed in the case of nicotine. Both the exogenous and the endogenous potassium contents influenced the reduction of carbon-monoxide delivery through a decrease in the peak temperature of the burning cone. The pungency and off-taste peculiar to the tobacco were eliminated to some extent by the addition of potassium malate at levels less than 2 % expressed as potassium.

Otwarty dostęp

The Fate of Chlorpyrifos on Tobacco during Smoking

NM Chopra oraz
NM Chopra oraz
TH Zuniga
TH Zuniga
Data publikacji: 06 Jan 2015
Zakres stron: 387 - 391

Abstrakt

Abstract

Cigarettes made from flue-cured tobacco, treated with different amounts of chlorpyrifos, were smoked according to Federal Trade Commission specifications, and the chlorpyrifos levels in the butts, various ashes, and mainstream and sidestream smokes were determined. Of all the chlorpyrifos in a cigarette, 28 % to 29.5 % was left in the butts, 13.5 % to 15 % and 2.0 % to 4.6 % were transferred into mainstream and sidestream smokes, respectively, and about 52 % to 55 % was either combusted or decomposed into unknown fragments. The various ashes did not show any detectable amount of chlorpyrifos.

Otwarty dostęp

Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans in Cigarette Smoke - Polychlordibenzodioxine und Polychlordibenzofurane in Cigarettenrauch

M Ball,
M Ball,
O Päpke oraz
O Päpke oraz
A Lis
A Lis
Data publikacji: 06 Jan 2015
Zakres stron: 393 - 402

Abstrakt

Abstract

The paper describes a method for the determination of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and -furans both in gas phase and in particulate matter of cigarette smoke. This method was used for analysing the concentrations of all relevant polychlorinated dibenzofurans in the smoke of the ten best-selling German cigarette brands. The distribution of the various tetra-octachlordibenzodioxin isomers was similar to that obtained after combustion. None of the cigarettes investigated was found to contain 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzodioxin. The total values expressed as TCDD toxic equivalent values are low, ranging from 0.05 to 0.17 pg/cig. These results are compared with the data reported in the literature to date. Regarding uptake of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and -furans, cigarette smoke is only a source of minor importance as compared to nutrition.

0 Artykułów
Otwarty dostęp

Alkaloid Composition of the Nicotiana Species

VA Sisson oraz
VA Sisson oraz
RF Severson
RF Severson
Data publikacji: 06 Jan 2015
Zakres stron: 327 - 339

Abstrakt

Abstract

Plants from 64 Nicotiana species were sampled in the greenhouse in 1983 and 1984 and from the field in 1985 and 1986 for the purpose of developing a chemical profile of each species. Mature green leaves were harvested at flowering, freeze-dried and ground to pass a 1 mm screen prior to chemical analysis. In this study we report the type and amounts of nicotinoid alkaloids. Alkaloid values were determined by glass-capillary gas chromatography and were averaged over the two years for each environment. Both total alkaloids (mg g-1 dry weight) and the distribution (percentage composition) of nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine, and anatabine were highly correlated between years for greenhouse and field samples. Greenhouse and field data were highly correlated, although total-alkaloid levels were significantly higher from field-grown plants. All of the Nicotiana species tested contained a measurable alkaloid fraction (at least 10 µg g-1). There was a wide range in total-alkaloid levels with nearly a 200-fold difference among greenhouse-grown samples and a 400-fold difference among field-grown species. In general, total-alkaloid levels among the species were found to be relatively low. Eleven species were found to have a different alkaloid composition when green leaf and air-dried samples were compared. Evidence is presented for the association between alkaloid characteristics and the phylogenetic classification of the species in the genus.

Otwarty dostęp

Practical Modeling of Filter Filtration Efficiency

J Kao
J Kao
Data publikacji: 06 Jan 2015
Zakres stron: 341 - 352

Abstrakt

Abstract

A simple and general mathematical model has been developed to calculate filter-filtration efficiency, which is based on practical design parameters: pressure drop, filter dimension, flow rate, and filament denier. This model has been verified by examining published experimental data, which include a broad range of design parameters. This model surpasses other models currently described in the literature in terms of accuracy. The drag force of the filter (which is accounted for by the pressure drop times the circumference squared, DP • C2) appears to be the most important contribution to filter-filtration efficiency, but its contribution can be drastically reduced by varying design parameters.

Otwarty dostęp

A Review of the Uses of Nuclear Radiation in Tobacco and Smoke Research

RW Jenkins
RW Jenkins
Data publikacji: 06 Jan 2015
Zakres stron: 353 - 378

Abstrakt

Abstract

In summary, nuclear radiation has been widely used to elucidate many aspects of the mechanisms of tobacco being converted to smoke. In addition, the mechanisms of smoke transfer, tobacco inorganic chemistry and smoke filtration have been clarified by many authors worldwide. The newer techniques now being developed, using radiation detection coupled with the enhanced use of electronic-data reduction and interpretation, promise to continue the important role these techniques have played in understanding smoke-formation mechanisms.

Otwarty dostęp

Effect of Exogenous Potassium on the Reduction in Tar, Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide Deliveries in the Mainstream Smoke of Cigarettes

T Yamamoto,
T Yamamoto,
S Umemura oraz
S Umemura oraz
H Kaneko
H Kaneko
Data publikacji: 06 Jan 2015
Zakres stron: 379 - 385

Abstrakt

Abstract

Deliveries of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide in mainstream smoke decreased as the exogenous-potassium content of tobacco increased. The puff count was almost unchanged with added potassium malate, but slightly decreased with added nitrate. Potassium malate was more effective than the nitrate for the reduction of carbon monoxide, whereas the opposite was observed in the case of nicotine. Both the exogenous and the endogenous potassium contents influenced the reduction of carbon-monoxide delivery through a decrease in the peak temperature of the burning cone. The pungency and off-taste peculiar to the tobacco were eliminated to some extent by the addition of potassium malate at levels less than 2 % expressed as potassium.

Otwarty dostęp

The Fate of Chlorpyrifos on Tobacco during Smoking

NM Chopra oraz
NM Chopra oraz
TH Zuniga
TH Zuniga
Data publikacji: 06 Jan 2015
Zakres stron: 387 - 391

Abstrakt

Abstract

Cigarettes made from flue-cured tobacco, treated with different amounts of chlorpyrifos, were smoked according to Federal Trade Commission specifications, and the chlorpyrifos levels in the butts, various ashes, and mainstream and sidestream smokes were determined. Of all the chlorpyrifos in a cigarette, 28 % to 29.5 % was left in the butts, 13.5 % to 15 % and 2.0 % to 4.6 % were transferred into mainstream and sidestream smokes, respectively, and about 52 % to 55 % was either combusted or decomposed into unknown fragments. The various ashes did not show any detectable amount of chlorpyrifos.

Otwarty dostęp

Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans in Cigarette Smoke - Polychlordibenzodioxine und Polychlordibenzofurane in Cigarettenrauch

M Ball,
M Ball,
O Päpke oraz
O Päpke oraz
A Lis
A Lis
Data publikacji: 06 Jan 2015
Zakres stron: 393 - 402

Abstrakt

Abstract

The paper describes a method for the determination of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and -furans both in gas phase and in particulate matter of cigarette smoke. This method was used for analysing the concentrations of all relevant polychlorinated dibenzofurans in the smoke of the ten best-selling German cigarette brands. The distribution of the various tetra-octachlordibenzodioxin isomers was similar to that obtained after combustion. None of the cigarettes investigated was found to contain 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzodioxin. The total values expressed as TCDD toxic equivalent values are low, ranging from 0.05 to 0.17 pg/cig. These results are compared with the data reported in the literature to date. Regarding uptake of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and -furans, cigarette smoke is only a source of minor importance as compared to nutrition.