1. Strona główna
  2. Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research
  3. Volume 4 (1968): Issue 7 (December 1968)

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Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research

Tom 32 (2023): Zeszyt 3 (July 2023)

Tom 32 (2023): Zeszyt 2 (May 2023)

Tom 32 (2023): Zeszyt 1 (March 2023)

Tom 31 (2022): Zeszyt 3 (November 2022)

Tom 31 (2022): Zeszyt 2 (July 2022)

Tom 31 (2022): Zeszyt 1 (March 2022)

Tom 30 (2021): Zeszyt 4 (November 2021)

Tom 30 (2021): Zeszyt 3 (July 2021)

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Tom 29 (2020): Zeszyt 3 (December 2020)

Tom 29 (2020): Zeszyt 2 (August 2020)

Tom 29 (2020): Zeszyt 1 (April 2020)

Tom 28 (2019): Zeszyt 7 (December 2019)

Tom 28 (2019): Zeszyt 6 (August 2019)

Tom 28 (2019): Zeszyt 5 (May 2019)

Tom 28 (2018): Zeszyt 4 (December 2018)

Tom 28 (2018): Zeszyt 3 (October 2018)

Tom 28 (2018): Zeszyt 2 (August 2018)

Tom 28 (2018): Zeszyt 1 (April 2018)

Tom 27 (2017): Zeszyt 8 (December 2017)

Tom 27 (2017): Zeszyt 7 (September 2017)

Tom 27 (2017): Zeszyt 6 (April 2017)

Tom 27 (2017): Zeszyt 5 (January 2017)

Tom 27 (2016): Zeszyt 4 (October 2016)

Tom 27 (2016): Zeszyt 3 (July 2016)

Tom 27 (2016): Zeszyt 2 (April 2016)

Tom 27 (2016): Zeszyt 1 (January 2016)

Tom 26 (2015): Zeszyt 7 (September 2015)

Tom 26 (2015): Zeszyt 6 (June 2015)

Tom 26 (2015): Zeszyt 5 (March 2015)

Tom 26 (2015): Zeszyt 4 (January 2015)

Tom 26 (2014): Zeszyt 3 (September 2014)

Tom 26 (2014): Zeszyt 2 (July 2014)

Tom 26 (2014): Zeszyt 1 (April 2014)

Tom 25 (2013): Zeszyt 8 (December 2013)

Tom 25 (2013): Zeszyt 7 (September 2013)

Tom 25 (2013): Zeszyt 6 (June 2013)

Tom 25 (2013): Zeszyt 5 (March 2013)

Tom 25 (2012): Zeszyt 4 (December 2012)

Tom 25 (2012): Zeszyt 3 (August 2012)

Tom 25 (2012): Zeszyt 2 (June 2012)

Tom 25 (2012): Zeszyt 1 (February 2012)

Tom 24 (2011): Zeszyt 6 (November 2011)

Tom 24 (2011): Zeszyt 5 (May 2011)

Tom 24 (2011): Zeszyt 4 (January 2011)

Tom 24 (2010): Zeszyt 3 (November 2010)

Tom 24 (2010): Zeszyt 2 (July 2010)

Tom 24 (2010): Zeszyt 1 (April 2010)

Tom 23 (2009): Zeszyt 6 (December 2009)

Tom 23 (2009): Zeszyt 5 (September 2009)

Tom 23 (2009): Zeszyt 4 (May 2009)

Tom 23 (2008): Zeszyt 3 (December 2008)

Tom 23 (2008): Zeszyt 2 (August 2008)

Tom 23 (2008): Zeszyt 1 (April 2008)

Tom 22 (2007): Zeszyt 5 (June 2007)

Tom 22 (2007): Zeszyt 4 (January 2007)

Tom 22 (2006): Zeszyt 3 (October 2006)

Tom 22 (2006): Zeszyt 2 (July 2006)

Tom 22 (2006): Zeszyt 1 (April 2006)

Tom 21 (2005): Zeszyt 8 (December 2005)

Tom 21 (2005): Zeszyt 7 (October 2005)

Tom 21 (2005): Zeszyt 6 (July 2005)

Tom 21 (2005): Zeszyt 5 (April 2005)

Tom 21 (2004): Zeszyt 4 (December 2004)

Tom 21 (2004): Zeszyt 3 (October 2004)

Tom 21 (2004): Zeszyt 2 (July 2004)

Tom 21 (2004): Zeszyt 1 (March 2004)

Tom 20 (2003): Zeszyt 8 (December 2003)

Tom 20 (2003): Zeszyt 7 (November 2003)

Tom 20 (2003): Zeszyt 6 (July 2003)

Tom 20 (2003): Zeszyt 5 (March 2003)

Tom 20 (2002): Zeszyt 4 (December 2002)

Tom 20 (2002): Zeszyt 3 (August 2002)

Tom 20 (2002): Zeszyt 2 (June 2002)

Tom 20 (2002): Zeszyt 1 (February 2002)

Tom 19 (2001): Zeszyt 7 (October 2001)

Tom 19 (2001): Zeszyt 6 (July 2001)

Tom 19 (2001): Zeszyt 5 (April 2001)

Tom 19 (2001): Zeszyt 4 (January 2001)

Tom 19 (2000): Zeszyt 3 (October 2000)

Tom 19 (2000): Zeszyt 2 (July 2000)

Tom 19 (2000): Zeszyt 1 (April 2000)

Tom 18 (1999): Zeszyt 6 (December 1999)

Tom 18 (1999): Zeszyt 5 (July 1999)

Tom 18 (1999): Zeszyt 4 (April 1999)

Tom 18 (1998): Zeszyt 3 (December 1998)

Tom 18 (1998): Zeszyt 2 (August 1998)

Tom 18 (1998): Zeszyt 1 (April 1998)

Tom 17 (1997): Zeszyt 3 (December 1997)

Tom 17 (1997): Zeszyt 2 (September 1997)

Tom 17 (1996): Zeszyt 1 (December 1996)

Tom 16 (1995): Zeszyt 4 (November 1995)

Tom 16 (1995): Zeszyt 3 (July 1995)

Tom 16 (1994): Zeszyt 2 (June 1994)

Tom 16 (1994): Zeszyt 1 (May 1994)

Tom 15 (1992): Zeszyt 3 (November 1992)

Tom 15 (1992): Zeszyt 2 (April 1992)

Tom 15 (1991): Zeszyt 1 (August 1991)

Tom 14 (1990): Zeszyt 6 (June 1990)

Tom 14 (1989): Zeszyt 5 (October 1989)

Tom 14 (1989): Zeszyt 4 (February 1989)

Tom 14 (1989): Zeszyt 3 (January 1989)

Tom 14 (1988): Zeszyt 2 (October 1988)

Tom 14 (1987): Zeszyt 1 (December 1987)

Tom 13 (1986): Zeszyt 5 (December 1986)

Tom 13 (1986): Zeszyt 4 (August 1986)

Tom 13 (1986): Zeszyt 3 (July 1986)

Tom 13 (1985): Zeszyt 2 (December 1985)

Tom 13 (1985): Zeszyt 1 (January 1985)

Tom 12 (1984): Zeszyt 5 (November 1984)

Tom 12 (1984): Zeszyt 4 (July 1984)

Tom 12 (1984): Zeszyt 3 (February 1984)

Tom 12 (1983): Zeszyt 2 (June 1983)

Tom 12 (1983): Zeszyt 1 (February 1983)

Tom 11 (1982): Zeszyt 5 (November 1982)

Tom 11 (1982): Zeszyt 4 (August 1982)

Tom 11 (1982): Zeszyt 3 (January 1982)

Tom 11 (1981): Zeszyt 2 (September 1981)

Tom 11 (1981): Zeszyt 1 (March 1981)

Tom 10 (1980): Zeszyt 3 (October 1980)

Tom 10 (1980): Zeszyt 2 (July 1980)

Tom 10 (1979): Zeszyt 1 (December 1979)

Tom 9 (1978): Zeszyt 5 (December 1978)

Tom 9 (1978): Zeszyt 4 (July 1978)

Tom 9 (1977): Zeszyt 3 (October 1977)

Tom 9 (1977): Zeszyt 2 (June 1977)

Tom 9 (1977): Zeszyt 1 (April 1977)

Tom 8 (1976): Zeszyt 7 (October 1976)

Tom 8 (1976): Zeszyt 6 (June 1976)

Tom 8 (1976): Zeszyt 5 (March 1976)

Tom 8 (1975): Zeszyt 4 (December 1975)

Tom 8 (1975): Zeszyt 3 (August 1975)

Tom 8 (1975): Zeszyt 2 (May 1975)

Tom 8 (1975): Zeszyt 1 (January 1975)

Tom 7 (1974): Zeszyt 5 (September 1974)

Tom 7 (1974): Zeszyt 4 (April 1974)

Tom 7 (1973): Zeszyt 3 (November 1973)

Tom 7 (1973): Zeszyt 2 (June 1973)

Tom 7 (1973): Zeszyt 1 (January 1973)

Tom 6 (1972): Zeszyt 5 (October 1972)

Tom 6 (1972): Zeszyt 4 (August 1972)

Tom 6 (1972): Zeszyt 3 (March 1972)

Tom 6 (1971): Zeszyt 2 (September 1971)

Tom 6 (1971): Zeszyt 1 (July 1971)

Tom 5 (1970): Zeszyt 6 (December 1970)

Tom 5 (1970): Zeszyt 5 (November 1970)

Tom 5 (1970): Zeszyt 4 (August 1970)

Tom 5 (1969): Zeszyt 3 (December 1969)

Tom 5 (1969): Zeszyt 2 (August 1969)

Tom 5 (1969): Zeszyt 1 (June 1969)

Tom 4 (1968): Zeszyt 7 (December 1968)

Tom 4 (1968): Zeszyt 6 (November 1968)

Tom 4 (1968): Zeszyt 5 (July 1968)

Tom 4 (1968): Zeszyt 4 (May 1968)

Tom 4 (1968): Zeszyt 3 (February 1968)

Tom 4 (1967): Zeszyt 2 (October 1967)

Tom 4 (1967): Zeszyt 1 (August 1967)

Tom 3 (1966): Zeszyt 9 (December 1966)

Tom 3 (1966): Zeszyt 8 (December 1966)

Tom 3 (1966): Zeszyt 7 (November 1966)

Tom 3 (1966): Zeszyt 6 (September 1966)

Tom 3 (1966): Zeszyt 5 (May 1966)

Tom 3 (1965): Zeszyt 4 (October 1965)

Tom 3 (1965): Zeszyt 3 (August 1965)

Tom 3 (1965): Zeszyt 2 (May 1965)

Tom 3 (1965): Zeszyt 1 (April 1965)

Tom 2 (1964): Zeszyt 7 (November 1964)

Tom 2 (1964): Zeszyt 6 (October 1964)

Tom 2 (1964): Zeszyt 5 (May 1964)

Tom 2 (1964): Zeszyt 4 (February 1964)

Tom 2 (1963): Zeszyt 3 (October 1963)

Tom 2 (1963): Zeszyt 2 (June 1963)

Tom 2 (1963): Zeszyt 1 (March 1963)

Tom 1 (1962): Zeszyt 10 (December 1962)

Tom 1 (1962): Zeszyt 9 (December 1962)

Tom 1 (1962): Zeszyt 8 (November 1962)

Tom 1 (1962): Zeszyt 7 (November 1962)

Tom 1 (1962): Zeszyt 6 (July 1962)

Tom 1 (1962): Zeszyt 5 (February 1962)

Tom 1 (1961): Zeszyt 4 (November 1961)

Tom 1 (1961): Zeszyt 3 (August 1961)

Tom 1 (1961): Zeszyt 2 (May 1961)

Tom 1 (1961): Zeszyt 1 (January 1961)

Informacje o czasopiśmie
Format
Czasopismo
eISSN
2719-9509
Pierwsze wydanie
01 Jan 1992
Częstotliwość wydawania
4 razy w roku
Języki
Angielski

Wyszukiwanie

Tom 4 (1968): Zeszyt 7 (December 1968)

Informacje o czasopiśmie
Format
Czasopismo
eISSN
2719-9509
Pierwsze wydanie
01 Jan 1992
Częstotliwość wydawania
4 razy w roku
Języki
Angielski

Wyszukiwanie

0 Artykułów
Otwarty dostęp

The Effect of Additives on the Combustion Temperature of Cigarettes

Frank Miller,
Frank Miller,
Walter J. Freeman oraz
Walter J. Freeman oraz
R. L. Stedman
R. L. Stedman
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 269 - 274

Abstrakt

Abstract

A large number of cigarette additives was tested for the effect on the combustion temperature, including free radical initiators and inhibitors, salts of organic acids, inorganic salts and other inorganic compounds, lead-borate glasses, oxidizing agents, petroleum refining and oxidative catalysts, flame retardants, fire-proofing salts and other compounds and mixtures. Most of the additives showed no dramatic increase or decrease of temperature even at high concentrations but some indications of small alterations were obtained in a few cases.

Otwarty dostęp

A Simple Method Designed for the Collection of Gaseous Tobacco Smoke Components and its Application for the Determination of Carbon Monoxide in Cigarette Smoke - Eine einfache Methode zur Gewinnung gasförmiger Tabakrauchbestandteile: Ihre Anwendung zur Bestimmung des Kohlenmonoxids im Rauch

H.P. Harke oraz
H.P. Harke oraz
C.J. Drews
C.J. Drews
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 275 - 277

Abstrakt

Abstract

The present paper describes a simple device designed for the analytical smoking of single cigarettes and capable of collecting the gaseous constituents of tobacco smoke. The trap has been used to determine the carbon monoxide content of the smoke of cigarettes made from reconstituted tobacco by gas chromatography

Otwarty dostęp

Examination of the Gas-Vapour Phase of Cigarette Smoke. 2nd Report: The Determination of the Carbon Monoxide Content of the Gas Phase of Cigarette Smoke - Zur Untersuchung der Gas-Dampf-Phase des Cigarettenrauches: 2. Mitteilung: Zur Bestimmung des Stickstoffmonoxids (NO) aus der Gasphase des Cigarettenrauches

H. Barkemeyer oraz
H. Barkemeyer oraz
F. Seehofer
F. Seehofer
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 278 - 282

Abstrakt

Abstract

The NO content of the gas-vapour phase of cigarette smoke is determined by a simple colourimetric procedure: NO is absorbed by a solution of FeSO4 in diluted H2SO4 up to an equilibrium with the formation of the addition compound Fe•NO•SO4. The spectrophotometric investigation of the resulting solution shows two maxima (580 and 445 mµ). The maximum at 445 mµ is chosen for the colourimetric determination of NO. The formation of Fe•NO•SO4 takes place via a reversible stoichiometric reaction, the absorption of NO is proportional to the partial pressure of NO in the gas mixture. The concentration of NO in the mainstream smoke of commercial cigarettes with different tobacco types and blends has been shown to be in the range between 250-1500 ppm, i.e. 110-660 µg NO/ cigarette. Contrary to other methods, the new procedure enables the differentiated determination of NO besides NO2. In the fresh smoke from Straight Virginia cigarettes, i.e. 2-5 sec. after generation, no NO2 was detectable. Under the same conditions, blended cigarettes showed a content of about 5 µg NO2/cigarette. 60 seconds after smoke generation, about 200 µg NO2/cigarette have been determined. These results show that of the nitrogen oxides only NO is present in fresh cigarette smoke. The autoxidation to NO2 occurs to a considerable extent within 60 seconds

Otwarty dostęp

The Evaluation of Total Nitrogen in Cigarette Smoke - Über die Bilanz des Stickstoffes im Cigarettenrauch

H. Elmenhorst oraz
H. Elmenhorst oraz
H.-P. Harke
H.-P. Harke
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 283 - 286

Abstrakt

Abstract

Total nitrogen and nicotine contained in cigarette smoke condensate and condensate fractions have quantitatively been estimated. The results show that only 5 to 36 % of total nitrogen can be related to nicotine. It is tried to determine the balance of nitrogen in smoke condensate. The calculations made suggest that, for example within the group of nitrogenous compounds, there might be smoke constituents which are still unknown and which occur at relatively high concentrations.

Otwarty dostęp

Determination of the Balance of Carbon-14 Activity Added to Cigarettes

R. E. Thornton oraz
R. E. Thornton oraz
C. Valentine
C. Valentine
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 287 - 292

Abstrakt

Abstract

A simple method for the determination of the balance of carbon-14 activity added to cigarettes is described. The total recovery of activity is 80 % or greater, and the method can be used to obtain information on the transfer and pyrolysis reactions occurring when cigarettes are smoked.

Otwarty dostęp

Examinations with an Improved Densimeter for Measuring the Filling Capacity of Cut Tobacco and the Hardness of Cigarettes - Untersuchungen mit einem verbesserten Densimeter zum Prüfen der Füllfähigkeit von Schnittabak und der Härte von Cigaretten

H. W. Lorenz oraz
H. W. Lorenz oraz
F. Seehofer
F. Seehofer
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 293 - 300

Abstrakt

Abstract

Maintaining the approved principle of determining the filling capacity of tobacco and the hardness of cigarettes by measuring the change in volume under constant pressure within a constant time, the instruments "Densimeter" and "Kompressimeter" have been combined, automatisized and supplied with improved indicator devices. Moreover for measuring the hardness of cigarettes the shape of the loading platforms has been changed. The influence of different parameters on the filling power of tobacco and the hardness of cigarettes for several types of blends has been investigated with this combined set of apparatuses. The results hitherto obtained confirm the usefulness of the new instrument for measuring the hardness of cigarettes and of filter rods as well as for determining the filling capacity of cut tobacco for quality control, routine checks and basic investigations.

Otwarty dostęp

Determination of the Binding Heat of Water in Tobacco - Bestimmung der Bindungswärme des Wassers im Tabak

Zorbalas D.I.
Zorbalas D.I.
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 301 - 307

Abstrakt

Abstract

The evolution of the desorption curves of a Greek cigarette brand at temperatures of 15° to 30°C is presented by means of the formula established by Brunauer, Emmet and Teller, and used to determine the heat of binding of water at 40 % to 70 % relative humidity of air. The mechanical linkage force of water is shown to be confirmed by the calculated heat values.

Otwarty dostęp

Studies on the Water Binding Conditions of Lignin. A Model Study on the Water Binding Conditions of Tobacco - Untersuchungen über die Wasserbindungsverhältnisse des Lignins: Eine Modellstudie als Beitrag zur Klärung der WasserbindungsverhäItnisse des Tabaks

R. Jodl
R. Jodl
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 309 - 312

Abstrakt

Abstract

Water is bound by lignin similar to a hydratate binding, by adsorption, by capillarity, and as crude moisture. This can be concluded from the evaluation of the sorption isothermes of lignin. Investigations by x-rays demonstrate that there was no intracrystalline integration of water molecules.

Otwarty dostęp

The Determination of By-Passing Air in Cigarettes - Über die Messung der Nebenluft bei Cigaretten

F. Krüll oraz
F. Krüll oraz
R. Jodl
R. Jodl
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 313 - 314

Abstrakt

Abstract

The authors describe a method to determine the rate of by-passing air in cigarettes.

0 Artykułów
Otwarty dostęp

The Effect of Additives on the Combustion Temperature of Cigarettes

Frank Miller,
Frank Miller,
Walter J. Freeman oraz
Walter J. Freeman oraz
R. L. Stedman
R. L. Stedman
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 269 - 274

Abstrakt

Abstract

A large number of cigarette additives was tested for the effect on the combustion temperature, including free radical initiators and inhibitors, salts of organic acids, inorganic salts and other inorganic compounds, lead-borate glasses, oxidizing agents, petroleum refining and oxidative catalysts, flame retardants, fire-proofing salts and other compounds and mixtures. Most of the additives showed no dramatic increase or decrease of temperature even at high concentrations but some indications of small alterations were obtained in a few cases.

Otwarty dostęp

A Simple Method Designed for the Collection of Gaseous Tobacco Smoke Components and its Application for the Determination of Carbon Monoxide in Cigarette Smoke - Eine einfache Methode zur Gewinnung gasförmiger Tabakrauchbestandteile: Ihre Anwendung zur Bestimmung des Kohlenmonoxids im Rauch

H.P. Harke oraz
H.P. Harke oraz
C.J. Drews
C.J. Drews
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 275 - 277

Abstrakt

Abstract

The present paper describes a simple device designed for the analytical smoking of single cigarettes and capable of collecting the gaseous constituents of tobacco smoke. The trap has been used to determine the carbon monoxide content of the smoke of cigarettes made from reconstituted tobacco by gas chromatography

Otwarty dostęp

Examination of the Gas-Vapour Phase of Cigarette Smoke. 2nd Report: The Determination of the Carbon Monoxide Content of the Gas Phase of Cigarette Smoke - Zur Untersuchung der Gas-Dampf-Phase des Cigarettenrauches: 2. Mitteilung: Zur Bestimmung des Stickstoffmonoxids (NO) aus der Gasphase des Cigarettenrauches

H. Barkemeyer oraz
H. Barkemeyer oraz
F. Seehofer
F. Seehofer
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 278 - 282

Abstrakt

Abstract

The NO content of the gas-vapour phase of cigarette smoke is determined by a simple colourimetric procedure: NO is absorbed by a solution of FeSO4 in diluted H2SO4 up to an equilibrium with the formation of the addition compound Fe•NO•SO4. The spectrophotometric investigation of the resulting solution shows two maxima (580 and 445 mµ). The maximum at 445 mµ is chosen for the colourimetric determination of NO. The formation of Fe•NO•SO4 takes place via a reversible stoichiometric reaction, the absorption of NO is proportional to the partial pressure of NO in the gas mixture. The concentration of NO in the mainstream smoke of commercial cigarettes with different tobacco types and blends has been shown to be in the range between 250-1500 ppm, i.e. 110-660 µg NO/ cigarette. Contrary to other methods, the new procedure enables the differentiated determination of NO besides NO2. In the fresh smoke from Straight Virginia cigarettes, i.e. 2-5 sec. after generation, no NO2 was detectable. Under the same conditions, blended cigarettes showed a content of about 5 µg NO2/cigarette. 60 seconds after smoke generation, about 200 µg NO2/cigarette have been determined. These results show that of the nitrogen oxides only NO is present in fresh cigarette smoke. The autoxidation to NO2 occurs to a considerable extent within 60 seconds

Otwarty dostęp

The Evaluation of Total Nitrogen in Cigarette Smoke - Über die Bilanz des Stickstoffes im Cigarettenrauch

H. Elmenhorst oraz
H. Elmenhorst oraz
H.-P. Harke
H.-P. Harke
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 283 - 286

Abstrakt

Abstract

Total nitrogen and nicotine contained in cigarette smoke condensate and condensate fractions have quantitatively been estimated. The results show that only 5 to 36 % of total nitrogen can be related to nicotine. It is tried to determine the balance of nitrogen in smoke condensate. The calculations made suggest that, for example within the group of nitrogenous compounds, there might be smoke constituents which are still unknown and which occur at relatively high concentrations.

Otwarty dostęp

Determination of the Balance of Carbon-14 Activity Added to Cigarettes

R. E. Thornton oraz
R. E. Thornton oraz
C. Valentine
C. Valentine
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 287 - 292

Abstrakt

Abstract

A simple method for the determination of the balance of carbon-14 activity added to cigarettes is described. The total recovery of activity is 80 % or greater, and the method can be used to obtain information on the transfer and pyrolysis reactions occurring when cigarettes are smoked.

Otwarty dostęp

Examinations with an Improved Densimeter for Measuring the Filling Capacity of Cut Tobacco and the Hardness of Cigarettes - Untersuchungen mit einem verbesserten Densimeter zum Prüfen der Füllfähigkeit von Schnittabak und der Härte von Cigaretten

H. W. Lorenz oraz
H. W. Lorenz oraz
F. Seehofer
F. Seehofer
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 293 - 300

Abstrakt

Abstract

Maintaining the approved principle of determining the filling capacity of tobacco and the hardness of cigarettes by measuring the change in volume under constant pressure within a constant time, the instruments "Densimeter" and "Kompressimeter" have been combined, automatisized and supplied with improved indicator devices. Moreover for measuring the hardness of cigarettes the shape of the loading platforms has been changed. The influence of different parameters on the filling power of tobacco and the hardness of cigarettes for several types of blends has been investigated with this combined set of apparatuses. The results hitherto obtained confirm the usefulness of the new instrument for measuring the hardness of cigarettes and of filter rods as well as for determining the filling capacity of cut tobacco for quality control, routine checks and basic investigations.

Otwarty dostęp

Determination of the Binding Heat of Water in Tobacco - Bestimmung der Bindungswärme des Wassers im Tabak

Zorbalas D.I.
Zorbalas D.I.
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 301 - 307

Abstrakt

Abstract

The evolution of the desorption curves of a Greek cigarette brand at temperatures of 15° to 30°C is presented by means of the formula established by Brunauer, Emmet and Teller, and used to determine the heat of binding of water at 40 % to 70 % relative humidity of air. The mechanical linkage force of water is shown to be confirmed by the calculated heat values.

Otwarty dostęp

Studies on the Water Binding Conditions of Lignin. A Model Study on the Water Binding Conditions of Tobacco - Untersuchungen über die Wasserbindungsverhältnisse des Lignins: Eine Modellstudie als Beitrag zur Klärung der WasserbindungsverhäItnisse des Tabaks

R. Jodl
R. Jodl
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 309 - 312

Abstrakt

Abstract

Water is bound by lignin similar to a hydratate binding, by adsorption, by capillarity, and as crude moisture. This can be concluded from the evaluation of the sorption isothermes of lignin. Investigations by x-rays demonstrate that there was no intracrystalline integration of water molecules.

Otwarty dostęp

The Determination of By-Passing Air in Cigarettes - Über die Messung der Nebenluft bei Cigaretten

F. Krüll oraz
F. Krüll oraz
R. Jodl
R. Jodl
Data publikacji: 03 Jul 2014
Zakres stron: 313 - 314

Abstrakt

Abstract

The authors describe a method to determine the rate of by-passing air in cigarettes.