- Journal Details
- Format
- Journal
- eISSN
- 2719-9509
- First Published
- 01 Jan 1992
- Publication timeframe
- 4 times per year
- Languages
- English
Search
- Open Access
Gas Chromatographic Analyses of Cigarette Smoke. Part 4: Mass Spectrometric Analyses / Zur Gaschromatographie des Cigarettenrauches. 4. Teil: ldentifikationen mit Hilfe des Massenspektrometers
Page range: 403 - 408
Abstract
In a recent investigation of the direct combination of open tubular gas chromatographic columns with a mass spectrometer the efficiency of the combined apparatus has been tested by analysing the vapour phase of cigarette smoke. The present paper deals with the problems and results of specific interest for smoke analysts that are not treated in the foregoing publication
- Open Access
Chemical Studies on Tobacco Smoke: I. The Quantitative Determination of Indoles in Cigarette Smoke
Page range: 409 - 414
Abstract
A method for the quantitative determination of indole and alkylated indoles in cigarette smoke is described. The analysis consists of distributions between n-hexane / methanol-water (4:1); n-hexane / methanol-water (1:2); column chromatography on Florosil and gas chromatographic separation on 20 % Apiezon L at 155°C. Quantitative data are secured by use of C14-labelled indole as internal standard. In the smoke of an 85 mm blended United States cigarette without filter tip were determined 13.9 µg indole, 14.0 µg skatole, 4.2 µg 3-ethylindole, and 0.21 µg 3-n-propylindole. The presence of an admixture of dimethylindoles was tentatively established; their concentration was below 0.03 µg per cigarette
- Open Access
The Formation of Benzo[a]pyrene and Benzo[e]pyrene during the Heating of Tobacco in Correlation to Temperature and Flow Rate in Nitrogen and Air Atmospheres / Die Bildung von Benzo[a]pyren und Benzo[e]pyren beim Erhitzen von Tabak in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in Luft- und Stickstoffatmosphäre
Page range: 415 - 421
Abstract
The authors investigated the dependence upon temperature of the formation of benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[e]pyrene from tobacco pyrolyzed in a thermostatic oven in atmospheres of nitrogen or air. The heating of tobacco to temperatures between 400° and 1000°C was found to result in a marked increase of the benzopyrene yield in the volatile parts. In this temperature range the quantity of benzo[a]pyrene formed from 100 g of tobacco augments from 4.4 µg to 18 350.0 µg (N2). At comparable temperatures measured in the combustion material by a thermocouple, the amounts of benzopyrenes formed respectively in nitrogen and air atmospheres were almost identical. With the introduction of air into the system the combustion enthalpy causes, under the same experimental conditions, a heating of the tobacco and, therefore, an increase in temperature which is considerably raised above that of the thermostatic oven. The formation of benzopyrenes was found to depend very much upon the flow rate. Moisture content, packing density and other geometrical factors have also a strong effect on the amount of polycyclic hydrocarbons formed during combustion. The quantities of benzopyrenes produced under equal experimental conditions by pyrolysis of other organic materials such as glucose and paraffin wax have been found to vary markedly (1:100 proportion). The yields of benzopyrenes produced by pyrolysis of tobacco (preheated combustion material) with the introduction of air into the system do exceed considerably the corresponding amounts obtained by the smoking of cigarettes
- Open Access
Composition Studies on Tobacco. XXlll: Pyrolytic and Structural Investigations on the Polyphenol-amino Acid Pigments of Leaf
Page range: 422 - 429
Abstract
The complex polyphenolic pigments of Turkish tobacco have been pyrolyzed to determine their possible contribution to the formation of aromatic compounds, especially polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), of smoke. The dark brown pigments were initially obtained by a basic aqueous extraction of tobacco. Various hydrolytic procedures showed the presence of rutin, chlorogenic acid, and a series of amino acids; some information on the structure of these pigments is presented. The pyrolysis of the pigments was carried out at 850°C and the products were fractionated to reveal the presence of more than a dozen PAH. Addition of pigments to cigarettes gave an increase in the level of benzo[a]pyrene in the smoke. The possible role of the polyphenolic pigments as a source of PAH in smoke is discussed
- Open Access
The Direct Preparation of Cigarette Smoke Condensate by High Velocity Impaction
Page range: 430 - 437
Abstract
A method is described for the collection of smoke condensate by high-velocity impaction. Analytical and mass-condensate versions are considered, and the results of analyses on their product are reported and discussed. The potential scope of applications of this type of collector are also indicated
- Open Access
Inhalation Experiments with Cigarette Smoke / Inhalationsexperimente mit Cigarettenrauch
Page range: 438 - 448
Abstract
The experimental results of the present paper and the knowledge gained by former inhalation experiments reveal that only those experimental procedures are suitable that make animals inhale high concentrations of smoke during a long period of time. The present results let appear how inhalation experiments are most favourably arranged. It has to be guaranteed that the animals are not endangered and that considerable quantities of smoke are inhaled. The distance between cigarette and animal should be as small as possible. Intervallic smoking seems to be advisable. The well-developed filtration capacity of the upper respiratory tract of animals usually breathing through their nose does not exclude the possibility of making fruitful inhalation experiments with rodents. The value of such experiments does decisively depend on the animal species
- Open Access
A Method for the Determination of Nicotine in Lung Tissue of Hamsters / Eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Nikotins in Hamsterlungen
Page range: 449 - 453
Abstract
A method for the determination of nicotine in lung tissue is presented. The nicotine is extracted from homogenized lung tissue by means of a mixture of hydrochloric acid and methanol. It is then spectrophotometrically determined after the disturbing accompanying substances have been eliminated by a preliminary acid steam distillation. The method's inferior limit of detection is 40 µg of nicotine contained in 3 lungs, which corresponds to 17.7 µg of nicotine per gramme of lung tissue. In the case of nicotine contents of 50 µg per analytical procedure the standard deviation of the method was found to be 1.7 µg, and the resulting coefficient of variation was calculated to be 3.4 %. The procedure is simple and therefore suitable for the study of numerous samples. The exposure of hamsters to inhaled raw cigarette smoke revealed that the nicotine content of lungs of experimental animals augments with the number of burnt cigarettes and the duration of inhalation. The reproducibility of Dontenwill's inhalation procedure was tested and proved to be satisfactory. The coefficient of variation within two series of inhalation experiments was found to be between 4.1 and 5.2 %