Neutron radioscopic images of burning cigarettes under both static and dynamic smoking conditions were analysed with a video image processor to measure the changes occurring in the images. These changes were related to the actual mass changes occurring in the cigarette rod during the burning process. The neutron images were used to determine the deposition, movement and evaporation of pyrolysis products in the cigarette rod. In addition, the experimental data were used to calculate the mass burn rates of cigarettes. While the instantaneous mass burn rate of a smouldering cigarette can be measured with a balance, neutron radioscopy can be used to determine it under both static and dynamic smoking conditions. The results of this study, along with background information on neutron radioscopy, calibration methods and the image processing procedures, are presented.
The international community working in the field of indoor air research gathers every three years to discuss the state-of-the-art. In Nagoya, Japan, some 900 scientists from more than 50 countries met. More than 600 papers were presented in the form of keynote lectures, plenary lectures, lectures in technical sessions and posters. Special issues were discussed in 16 workshops. The papers have been published in four proceeding volumes with almost 4000 pages.
From 23.-26. September 1996 the Biologische Bundesanstalt fuer Land- und Forstwirtschaft heldthe 50th ‘Deutsche Pflanzenschutztagung’ (German Plant Protection Conference) in Muensterwithmorethan 1000 participants. Approximately 350 presentations were classified into different specialities which were discussed in five parallel sessions. In addition, a poster session with 250 posters also included the culture and pesticide protection of the tobacco plant. The subjects treated in the various sessions were very broud. Besides the increasing importance of natural plant protection agents, modern biotechnological and genetic methods used for pest control and analysis of pest organisms in cultivars were a major discussion topic. Manufacturers of agrochemicals used the opportunity to present their newly developed products.
Neutron radioscopic images of burning cigarettes under both static and dynamic smoking conditions were analysed with a video image processor to measure the changes occurring in the images. These changes were related to the actual mass changes occurring in the cigarette rod during the burning process. The neutron images were used to determine the deposition, movement and evaporation of pyrolysis products in the cigarette rod. In addition, the experimental data were used to calculate the mass burn rates of cigarettes. While the instantaneous mass burn rate of a smouldering cigarette can be measured with a balance, neutron radioscopy can be used to determine it under both static and dynamic smoking conditions. The results of this study, along with background information on neutron radioscopy, calibration methods and the image processing procedures, are presented.
The international community working in the field of indoor air research gathers every three years to discuss the state-of-the-art. In Nagoya, Japan, some 900 scientists from more than 50 countries met. More than 600 papers were presented in the form of keynote lectures, plenary lectures, lectures in technical sessions and posters. Special issues were discussed in 16 workshops. The papers have been published in four proceeding volumes with almost 4000 pages.
From 23.-26. September 1996 the Biologische Bundesanstalt fuer Land- und Forstwirtschaft heldthe 50th ‘Deutsche Pflanzenschutztagung’ (German Plant Protection Conference) in Muensterwithmorethan 1000 participants. Approximately 350 presentations were classified into different specialities which were discussed in five parallel sessions. In addition, a poster session with 250 posters also included the culture and pesticide protection of the tobacco plant. The subjects treated in the various sessions were very broud. Besides the increasing importance of natural plant protection agents, modern biotechnological and genetic methods used for pest control and analysis of pest organisms in cultivars were a major discussion topic. Manufacturers of agrochemicals used the opportunity to present their newly developed products.