- Journal Details
- Format
- Journal
- eISSN
- 2719-9509
- First Published
- 01 Jan 1992
- Publication timeframe
- 4 times per year
- Languages
- English
Search
- Open Access
The Determination of Nitrate in Tobacco by UV-Spectrometry / Die Bestimmung von Nitrat in Tabak durch UV-Spektrometrie
Page range: 455 - 459
Abstract
A new spectrophotometric method, suitable for routine determination of nitrate in tobacco, is described. Quantities as low as 0.05 % of nitrate in tobacco are determinable, the results can be reproduced very well (RSD (relative standard deviation) = 1.43 % for 0.7 % of nitrate in tobacco). 15-20 determinations per day and per person can be performed. The figures obtained by this method are identical with those obtained by other methods. Interferences by other compounds have not been observed. Commercial cigarettes show contents of nitrate in tobacco in the range between 2 % and 0.04 %.
- Open Access
A Periodic-Automatic Apparatus for the Determination of the Moisture Content of Tobacco / Eine periodisch-automatische Feuchtigkeitsmesseinrichtung für Tabak
Page range: 461 - 466
Abstract
Having reviewed general conditions and various difficulties of routine measurement and control of tobacco humidity, the authors present a new periodic-automatical principle which they developed for the determination of the moisture content of tobacco. Tobacco specimens continuously taken from the conveyor by an automatic sampler are tested by the principle of conductibility with constant pressure and time values. A velocity of 5 to 9 measurements per minute can easily be achieved. The measuring process is controlled by electronic programming. The results are recorded as deviation from a desired value by a registering instrument giving preferably also an account of the time of sampling. The said value to be fixed at choice represents a given electric resistance which is adjusted to the desired humidity value, to the temperature at the measuring point and to the specific properties of the respective tobacco mixture. Supplementary appliances for the automatic indication of ranges, the direct registering of figures and the storage of results can be incorporated with the apparatus presented. It is also possible to take parallel measurements of temperature and to compensate for its influence on the measuring results.
- Open Access
Electric Polarity of Cigarette Mainstream Smoke / Die elektrischen Ladungen des Hauptstromrauches von Cigaretten
Page range: 467 - 476
Abstract
The electric polarity of cigarette mainstream smoke depending on the remaining length of the cigarette was determined using two different devices. Furthermore the concentrations of positive and negative charges in the smoke were dimensionally measured. The results show that positive as well as negative charges are existent in mainstream smoke with about the same concentration of 10-11 Amp × sec × cm-3. Moreover an apparatus is described which permits the isolation of only the positively or negatively charged part of the cigarette smoke aerosol. The contamination of one separated part by particles of the opposite charge is found to be less than 3 %. By use of this distribution chamber parts of condensate of both polarities were obtained. The total IR-spectra of these parts showed no distinct general difference in chemical composition of positively or negatively charged particles of cigarette smoke.
- Open Access
Comparative Investigations of Porous Cigarette Papers and Perforated Papers / Zum Problem vergleichender Untersuchungen an porösen und perforierten Cigarettenpapieren
Page range: 477 - 483
Abstract
There is a proportional dependence between pressure difference and air stream of porous cigarette papers. In the case of perforated papers, however, the said relationship conforms to a non-linear function. It is therefore important to measure the permeability to air of these papers under a pressure difference that corresponds to the actual pressure conditions in cigarettes, i.e. approximately 0.25 dm water column gauge. With identical air permeability and identical degree of ventilation the yields of condensate, nicotine and phenols in the mainstream smoke of cigarettes made with porous paper decrease to a larger extent than the yields of the mentioned substances in the mainstream smoke of cigarettes made with perforated paper.
- Open Access
An Apparatus for the Control of Tobacco Filling Regularity of Cigarettes. 2nd Report: Results of an Improved Gap Counter / Ein Gerät zum Prüfen der Füllungsgleichmäßigkeit von Cigaretten: 2. Mitteilung: Ergebnisse mit einem verbesserten Lochzähler
Page range: 485 - 486
Abstract
The filling gap counter formerly described has been improved. The apparatus detects and counts the number of holes (irregularities) of cigarettes. A comparison of the results obtained respectively by manual and mechanical control showed the judgement formed by an examiner to be unsatisfactory. The ejection of faulty cigarettes as well as the automatical recording of the rate of irregularities are prerequisites to the rapid discovery of the source of defects.
- Open Access
Comparison of the Fungicidal Properties of Different Humectants in a Tobacco Blend / Vergleich der fungistatischen Wirkung verschiedener Feuchthaltemittel bei einer ungesoßten Tabakmischung
Page range: 487 - 490
Abstract
The experimental results indicated in the present paper reveal that among all humectants admitted 1,3-butyleneglycol alone has marked fungicidal properties satisfying the requirements of practical tobacco treatment, and that, on the other hand, diethyleneglycol and glycerine practically do not have such qualities
- Open Access
A Balance of Total Water Content during the Smoking of a Cigarette. 2nd Report / Über den Verbleib des Wassers beim Abrauchen: 2. Mitteilung
Page range: 491 - 503
Abstract
A balance of total water in the smoking of a cigarette is presented indicating theoretically calculated as well as experimentally determined quantities. Both groups of values are found to coincide to a large extent. As the quantity of the water of combustion of a given tobacco variety or tobacco mixture does not vary (Virginia: 314 mg per g of tobacco), changes of total water values are a function of the initial moisture content of tobacco only. Approximately 3 % of the total water leave the cigarette at its tip. Nearly 2 % penetrate the paper wrapping (without its burning ring), and 95 % escape from the incandescent end. The particulate phases of the studied smoke streams are poor in water, i. e. they include only 2 % of the total water, while the water content of the gaseous phases amounts to 98 %. The total water of a cigarette is found to be distributed among the particulate and gaseous phases of the various smoke streams as follows: mainstream smoke 3 %, glow stream 80.5 %, sidestream smoke 14.5 %, diffusion stream 2 % (maximum).