<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The ability to from biofilms, which is a common feature in <italic>Salmonella</italic> serovars, is the main cause of persistent infections and permanent contamination in both clinical and industrial systems. Because the biofilm structures are significantly more resistant to environmental stress conditions than the planktonic forms of bacteria, it is often impossible to remove them through conventional disinfection or sterilization practices. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop effective strategies in combating biofilms, which are defined as the dominant form of microbial life. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to understand the genetic regulatory mechanisms that control the transition from planktonic form to the biofilm form and the related changes in gene expression. In this review, the current state of knowledge regarding gene regulation systems that affect the biofilm formation in <italic>Salmonella</italic>, has been summarized and discussed.</abstract>

Characteristics And Regulation Of Biofilm Formation In <italic>Salmonella</italic>

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third, following SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS), zoonotic coronavirus that has crossed the species barrier in XXI century resulting in the development of serious human infection termed COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-19). However, there are still many unanswered questions about its transmissibility and pathogenesis, what impelled us to gather the most recent facts about the nature of coronaviruses. At first we introduced the basic information about coronavirus taxonomy, structure, and replication process to create the basis for more advanced consideration. We also put across the molecular basis of the strategy used by coronaviruses to cross the species barrier. In the following part of this review we focused on the interactions between the virus and the receptor on the host cell, as this stage is the critical process determining the species and tissue tropism, as well as clinical course of infection. The special attention was paid to the cellular receptors interaction with S protein of different CoVs (dipeptidyl peptidase IV and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) as well as the cellular proteases involved in proteolysis of this protein. These factors determine the virus entry and replication, thus even the fine quantitative or qualitative difference in their expression may be crucial for outcome of infection. We also considered the host immune response and viral evasion mechanisms which would be helpful to understand COVID-19 pathogenesis. We wish the information provided by this review may be helpful to understand virus biology and to develop efficient therapeutic and preventive strategies.</abstract>

Coronaviruses – How Protein Interactions Changed Our Perception Of The World

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Bacterial glycoconjugates are widespread and have diverse biological functions. Multiple bacterial glycoproteins are involved in adhesion, invasion or evasion of host defense mechanisms. A range of glycosylation pathways has recently been an object of intense research. Their activity is based on the glycosyltransferases – enzymes that transfer sugar moieties directly to the acceptor protein (sequential glycosylation) or to a lipid carrier from which the glycan is transferred by an oligosaccharyltransferase onto the target protein (en-bloc glycosylation). Successful implementation of complete glycosylation systems in <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> cells resulted in rapid development of bacterial glycoengineering. Oligosaccharyltransferases are characterized by a broad substrate specificity which may be exploited to produce glycoconjugate vaccines.</abstract>

Protein Glycosylation In Bacterial Cells And Its Potential Applications

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">It is well known, that vaginal microbiota is dominated by <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> genus. These bacteria protect a vaginal microenvironment against the invading pathogens. The presence of <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> communities was already confirmed in an upper female reproductive system, as well as in the male reproductive system and semen. In this paper we present the current state of knowledge about the influence of the <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> species on female and male fertility. We also discuss the possible role of the reproductive system microbiota in an idiopathic infertility, and the association between <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> species and effectiveness of assisted reproductive techniques. Further research on the relationship between the reproductive system microbiota and human fertility is needed.</abstract>

The Influence Of The Reproductive System Microbiota On Female And Male Fertility. The Role Of <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> Bacteria

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><italic>Helicobacter pylori</italic> is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium with an ability to colonise the gastric pylorus. It is estimated that more than half of the human population may be carriers of this pathogen. Unfortunately, the collected data concerning <italic>H. pylori</italic> infections is inaccurate as the symptoms occur only in 20% of people infected. The presence of the bacteria may lead to inflammation, stomach ulcers, or even cancer. In the cases of confirmed infection, the treatment usually involves a so called “triple therapy” with a proton-pump inhibitor and antibiotics. However, a decrease in the effectiveness of this therapy is observed as a result of increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria. New solutions are being researched that could both help in the treatment of <italic>H. pylori</italic> infections and prevent the spread of the pathogen. Numerous scientific studies confirm that the use of plant-based products can be a good addition to the treatment of various infections. Phytotherapy is a science-based medical practice that uses the knowledge about active compounds naturally occurring in plants, in order to improve overall health. From existing research, it is known that the consumption of certain plant-derived products, for example olive oil and green tea, can lead to <italic>H. pylori</italic> eradication. On the other hand, licorice can be used to support the classic treatment method by increasing the eradication rate of the pathogen. Plants with anti-<italic>H. pylori</italic> properties include: cinnamon, cranberry, oregano, aloe vera and many others. The aim of this work is to review literature that is focused on a potential use of phytotherapy to support the treatment, combat, or prevent infections caused by <italic>H. pylori</italic>.</abstract>

Phytotherapy In The Prevention And Support Of Treatment Of <italic>Helicobacter Pylori</italic> Infections

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Advancements of Microbiology

 The Advancements of Microbiology (formerly Postępy Mikrobiologii) is a quarterly of the Polish Society of Microbiologists. The journal was founded in 1961, initially under the patronage of the Microbiology Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and in 1989 it became the organ of the PSM. The following professors have served as Editors-in-Chief of Postępy Mikrobiologii during the period: Prof. Edmund Mikulaszek 1962 – 1972, Prof. Władysław Tomasz Dobrzański 1972 – 1982, Prof. Zdzislaw Ilczuk 1983 – 1991, Prof. Jerzy Hrebenda 1991 – 2009, Prof. Jacek Bielecki 2009 – 2022. Journal implements the Society’s main goals, like promoting the development of microbiological sciences, popularizing the achievements of microbiology among members of the Society and broad circles of readers.   Advancements of Microbiology is topical journal for scientists in several microbiological fields and often the place where the first works of young researchers are published. Advancements of Microbiology include review articles from all areas of microbiology that are not printed in other journals. Please send manuscripts with attachments to the editor's e-mail address: editorial.office@am-online.org   Due to the great thematic diversity of the articles sent to the editorial office, it is not possible to print monographic volumes. Most of the papers currently published in Advancements of Microbiology are review articles in the field of bacterial physiology, microbial genetics, environmental microbiology, applied microbiology and virology; the work in the field of epidemiology, classification and identification of bacteria and applications of molecular biology techniques in microbiological research are particularly extensive.   The editors of Advancements of Microbiology strive to print works – ordered by eminent scientists – regarding currently fashionable problems of modern science. We especially encourage Authors to write articles in the field of their expertise, which guarantees the highest scientific level. The high scientific level of the journal was reflected in the progress of the JCR citation index and the presence of our journal on the Philadelphia list. It is especially important for young Authors, for whom Advancements of Microbiology often open the way to a scientific career. The current activity of Advancements of Microbiology is based mainly on publishing reviews related to the latest scientific achievements in the field of microbiology, which, at present is characterized by unusual dynamics of development and comprehensive application possibilities. The selection of current and relevant research topics and their presentation at a high scientific level in our journal is the basis for the existence of the quarterly, Advancements of Microbiology.   Open Access Policy   This journal provides immediate open access to its content under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license　on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license users are free to share the work (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format), if the contribution is properly attributed and used for non-commercial purposes. The material published in the journal may not be altered or built upon.   ABOUT SOCIETY   The origin of microbiology in Poland goes back to the XIX century. Professor Odo Feliks Kazimierz Bujwid (1857 – 1942) – was the first Polish bacteriologist, who graduated from the University of Warsaw and gained experience in Berlin working with Robert Koch, and in Paris at the Ludwik Pasteur Institute.   The Polish Society of Microbiologists (PSM), formerly the Polish Society of Microbiologists and Epidemiologists, was established in Warsaw on October 31, 1927 at the first Congress of Polish microbiologists. Professor Zygmunt Szymanowski was elected the first President of PSM. The same year, PSM also became cofounder of Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS) and since 2005 PSM is a member of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID).   Within over 95 years of activity, 29 Congresses of PSM were organized and 16 professors were elected as Presidents of PSM. About 900 ordinary members and 19 honorary members, associated in 14 PSM branches all over Poland, belong to the Society.   The aims of PSM have been the same since its very beginnings: to promote the development of microbiological sciences and to popularize the achievements of microbiology among the Society’s members and the broad public. PSM organizes congresses, scientific meetings, courses and lectures and competitions of scientific papers. Two quarterly journals, the Polish Journal of Microbiology and the Advancements in Microbiology are issued by PSM. The Society formulates opinions on the conditions and needs of Polish microbiology and applies in these cases to the state authorities; cooperates with related associations in the country and abroad.   Archiving   Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico – a digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.   Plagiarism Policy   The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System’s users to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

Advancements of Microbiology

Volume 60 (2021): Issue 2 (January 2021)

Characteristics And Regulation Of Biofilm Formation In Salmonella

Coronaviruses – How Protein Interactions Changed Our Perception Of The World

Protein Glycosylation In Bacterial Cells And Its Potential Applications

The Influence Of The Reproductive System Microbiota On Female And Male Fertility. The Role Of Lactobacillus Bacteria

Phytotherapy In The Prevention And Support Of Treatment Of Helicobacter Pylori Infections

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