O artykule
Kategoria artykułu: Research Article
Data publikacji: 30 cze 2020
Zakres stron: 97 - 110
Otrzymano: 17 cze 2019
Przyjęty: 30 wrz 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2019-0034
Słowa kluczowe
© 2020 Katarzyna Staszewska et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3
![Results of displacement-controlled load tests on floating CSV (Combined Soil Stabilization with Vertical Columns) micropiles after Vermeer and Leoni [5].
s˙\dot s
is the penetration rate and a is its reference value.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378aa4e662f30ba53f7ef/j_sgem-2019-0034_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250923%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250923T152050Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=63b22266d7bcd47b765e1ba453e8b9f0297b8c841841ec18c288441382a1f8fb&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 4
![Results of the shallow foundation load test on dense sand after Briaud and Gibbens [8].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378aa4e662f30ba53f7ef/j_sgem-2019-0034_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250923%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250923T152050Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=cb40956f40bc612b52dbbf00e9ccb4fba43cbbdb049ba55e515bac4df13c4bda&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 5

Figure 6
![Creep during primary consolidation according to hypotheses A and B after Degago [10].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378aa4e662f30ba53f7ef/j_sgem-2019-0034_fig_006.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250923%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250923T152050Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=ffcadfdc543df946c1dfaa118a238d3ba8f91cca76733c59e329e602d02c914d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 7
![System of isochrones describing the compressibility characteristics of soft soils after Bjerrum [13].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378aa4e662f30ba53f7ef/j_sgem-2019-0034_fig_007.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250923%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250923T152050Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=8b90de687aa0b00a69661b6687a5aab9d8b9efca3001eae3fe6bda8171f28bfa&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 8
![Instant and delayed deformations according to Bjerrum [13].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378aa4e662f30ba53f7ef/j_sgem-2019-0034_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250923%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250923T152050Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=e9b939f265e419861036c3867edccda40d5f33d16aaaff34bf8077b88b3a52c2&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 9
![Time- and stress-compressibility interrelationship after Mesri and Godlewski [15].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378aa4e662f30ba53f7ef/j_sgem-2019-0034_fig_009.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250923%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250923T152050Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=9677ee2f5aad83216b744a07f018ceb9ee7c4cc7854bfafba485d75e09eeffb2&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 10

Figure 11
![MCC model – the real yield surface known from high accuracy experiments, for example, [38, 43], is indicated with grey colour. MCS is the slope of the CSL [24].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378aa4e662f30ba53f7ef/j_sgem-2019-0034_fig_011.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250923%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250923T152050Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=3fe039af2e9ce4f88fe78157fa0d39bfbd8ad047ba3ae266959f777cd8176840&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

Figure 15

Figure 16
![The Leoni model [39].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378aa4e662f30ba53f7ef/j_sgem-2019-0034_fig_016.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250923%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250923T152050Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=28a296528c124c8591d6c5b087525391a3b21bef3000f9b2a58e73ce484a0e26&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 17
![The Sivasithamparam et al.'s model [41].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378aa4e662f30ba53f7ef/j_sgem-2019-0034_fig_017.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250923%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250923T152050Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=8f3afb88b8324d15984f05c69aaa1a1e264963f2298b3d9f622d17dcddadf98a&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 18
![The Niemunis and Grandas-Tavera model [40]. MCSc and MCSe are the slopes of the CSL for triaxial compression and extension, respectively. MΩ denotes the slope of the CSL by the current Ω.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378aa4e662f30ba53f7ef/j_sgem-2019-0034_fig_018.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250923%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250923T152050Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=8dbd61b6c2c2955d77f2c867d58d0d5c1e8c954886c60aeb9002e77241782b5a&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)