Poland and global value chains at the beginning of the 21st century – An opportunity or a threat?
Aleksandra Nacewska-Twardowska
Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of LodzLodz, Poland
Profil OrcidWyszukaj tego autora
31 mar 2022
O artykule
Kategoria artykułu: Empirical Paper
Data publikacji: 31 mar 2022
Zakres stron: 33 - 43
Otrzymano: 08 gru 2021
Przyjęty: 31 mar 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2022-0004
Słowa kluczowe
© 2022 Aleksandra Nacewska-Twardowska, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 1
![Backward participation index, in %, in 2005–2016.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T140629Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=d9bc1e39a22bbc8e7be9178a7b3f5abca87f947820a4685314bba5bd6b0983e4&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2
![Export orientation index in OECD, EU26, and Poland, in %, in 2005 and 2016.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T140629Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=6e70ead687178a2edfb476ce02e8502a1ac4c090a5d0f6e9fd9f853c9de4dfff&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3
![Foreign value-added content of gross exports, as a percent of industry gross exports, by industry, in 2005 and 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T140629Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=52f5c933cd4e2d674a1853c84387a3011ab910c832c754afc4484dc83cb00f97&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 4
![Intensity index of domestic and FVA in industry's exports, in %, in 2005 and 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. DVA, Domestic value added; FVA, Foreign value added; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T140629Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=e854e3b087753f53347142b208d74a49f59ccdb72b54a45e9fc8feec7855601f&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 5
![Export and import, by major trading partners, as a share in gross exports and imports and as a share in exports and imports of value added, in 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_005.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T140629Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=3dbf01ed7b0119ff74919040aed6d721daebc3047af21066457438eea3c189a9&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 6
![Position index in GVC in OECD, EU26, and Poland, in 2005 and 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. EU, European Union; GVC, Global value chains; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_006.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T140629Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=954a98ca9a89b0b0fac14020856f17969eaad9a58c0c23731be0478a7612ff69&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 7
![Import and export of goods for selected economies, growth rate Y/Y-1 in %, in 2004–2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: July 01, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_007.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T140629Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=e84fe65dac00ef12cf0454d2c53ed0c1305e3cb38be69084a2fd8204b7fb049f&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 8
![Import and export of goods for selected economies in 2020, growth rate M/M-12 in %.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: July 01, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T140629Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=cfb5b07fd9e1fad00ff875da6db36015ab0dd199c7f0166209e059858a01d106&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)