Poland and global value chains at the beginning of the 21st century – An opportunity or a threat?
| 31 mar 2022
O artykule
Article Category: Empirical Paper
Data publikacji: 31 mar 2022
Zakres stron: 33 - 43
Otrzymano: 08 gru 2021
Przyjęty: 31 mar 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2022-0004
Słowa kluczowe
© 2022 Aleksandra Nacewska-Twardowska, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 1
![Backward participation index, in %, in 2005–2016.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240723T003325Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=17999&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240723%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=2556648ef3e2c0636dcb1afffbe10b9f943b2354d4569ed39e51482479f851fe)
Figure 2
![Export orientation index in OECD, EU26, and Poland, in %, in 2005 and 2016.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240723T003325Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240723%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=11773781c60c6cae9b1e213afa9251f2138ab076cc09ebdc5a6b3974aa2314d9)
Figure 3
![Foreign value-added content of gross exports, as a percent of industry gross exports, by industry, in 2005 and 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240723T003325Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240723%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=d99be861471dd065629cb38351faeaff61d4fb86302dd679be530158375c45e0)
Figure 4
![Intensity index of domestic and FVA in industry's exports, in %, in 2005 and 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. DVA, Domestic value added; FVA, Foreign value added; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240723T003325Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240723%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=8d7d1c89d1168fa6a7c99f0b1a18c5aa9f9cce9fd7720acd72a02729b50cdba0)
Figure 5
![Export and import, by major trading partners, as a share in gross exports and imports and as a share in exports and imports of value added, in 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_005.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240723T003325Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240723%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=d9113239ffe63af951c3d8dc4994b8bec41a64b8d6782b01e4070c3ec5bca6a6)
Figure 6
![Position index in GVC in OECD, EU26, and Poland, in 2005 and 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. EU, European Union; GVC, Global value chains; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_006.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240723T003325Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240723%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=7e6ab2eb5de2e69c2a52b192463379a0f88376ccc440e7fedc68a71006196aae)
Figure 7
![Import and export of goods for selected economies, growth rate Y/Y-1 in %, in 2004–2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: July 01, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_007.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240723T003325Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240723%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=eacabc3551c5a26443257f81a49a7e237356aca750908b7bfa95a5610af89578)
Figure 8
![Import and export of goods for selected economies in 2020, growth rate M/M-12 in %.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: July 01, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240723T003325Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240723%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=87228296d09bba35d3e019fc674ea275d4565f46ac95272e5c4800c355a75340)