Poland and global value chains at the beginning of the 21st century – An opportunity or a threat?
Aleksandra Nacewska-Twardowska
Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of LodzLodz, Poland
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31. März 2022
Über diesen Artikel
Artikel-Kategorie: Empirical Paper
Online veröffentlicht: 31. März 2022
Seitenbereich: 33 - 43
Eingereicht: 08. Dez. 2021
Akzeptiert: 31. März 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2022-0004
Schlüsselwörter
© 2022 Aleksandra Nacewska-Twardowska, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 1
![Backward participation index, in %, in 2005–2016.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130348Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=da297193cb0edb4daf4877427b7a4161e64ed4766bf045ea8f9ab1417f4fa966&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2
![Export orientation index in OECD, EU26, and Poland, in %, in 2005 and 2016.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130348Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=87cb207540056be1b7756d9d8fb076910d8e764e1a393724cbe528f5797c0d41&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3
![Foreign value-added content of gross exports, as a percent of industry gross exports, by industry, in 2005 and 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130348Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=49b5efa32e46249fe2db31a40aaea2bc565717198626916b2f0ba09c0a8ceaa3&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 4
![Intensity index of domestic and FVA in industry's exports, in %, in 2005 and 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. DVA, Domestic value added; FVA, Foreign value added; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130348Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=ba7f4947ad0354d9211357d7f06010d8f3ecc4da9b7911dd56cab3a8b190b2a1&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 5
![Export and import, by major trading partners, as a share in gross exports and imports and as a share in exports and imports of value added, in 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_005.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130348Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=4640754408d4a90f2d91d3b5bc779af1d52eb571fb1394a7eca457a35eca10c5&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 6
![Position index in GVC in OECD, EU26, and Poland, in 2005 and 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. EU, European Union; GVC, Global value chains; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_006.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130348Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=e64a98bae935c2ba39fc790cfc23f966e3f0dd80f0b6cfb652f3d6b78fbef0d6&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 7
![Import and export of goods for selected economies, growth rate Y/Y-1 in %, in 2004–2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: July 01, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_007.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130348Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=a5ee270b7c0da29c47df20bc771d4d69e2f27fd8548bb7146161852c3ad73559&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 8
![Import and export of goods for selected economies in 2020, growth rate M/M-12 in %.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: July 01, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130348Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=2570ce97bc06b37a8b1aae63ab83a4eb38937b22b6921733252fd1e617a21415&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)