Poland and global value chains at the beginning of the 21st century – An opportunity or a threat?
Aleksandra Nacewska-Twardowska
Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of LodzLodz, Poland
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31 mars 2022
À propos de cet article
Catégorie d'article: Empirical Paper
Publié en ligne: 31 mars 2022
Pages: 33 - 43
Reçu: 08 déc. 2021
Accepté: 31 mars 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2022-0004
Mots clés
© 2022 Aleksandra Nacewska-Twardowska, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 1
![Backward participation index, in %, in 2005–2016.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130423Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=a78ba5099e5de662ab879735c0c6c4ba9b79233c1620dfe743fc9ff716e34255&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2
![Export orientation index in OECD, EU26, and Poland, in %, in 2005 and 2016.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130423Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=99d8955ec194eea7cdd04ac1efc4e4082f87a19ab094e60a5e4651888c7a0d61&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3
![Foreign value-added content of gross exports, as a percent of industry gross exports, by industry, in 2005 and 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130423Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=7efcb2507247e4f94fc37d4c21335ae88655d0204be49c7ca585ab1123091b83&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 4
![Intensity index of domestic and FVA in industry's exports, in %, in 2005 and 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. DVA, Domestic value added; FVA, Foreign value added; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130423Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=11adba254e25935fbb5eb0536b1b9b75d5093abb3edb959d2ec93f6cc667a41d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 5
![Export and import, by major trading partners, as a share in gross exports and imports and as a share in exports and imports of value added, in 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_005.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130423Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=4b702fbbc13e69c8edfff7418870fc1323fedf0fcc5a38533507cd036242edf2&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 6
![Position index in GVC in OECD, EU26, and Poland, in 2005 and 2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: May 11, 2021]. EU, European Union; GVC, Global value chains; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_006.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130423Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=e01c77d232b9e55b3375ecc5e77fd462a53967df6f4b54d3923a34572f6f69bd&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 7
![Import and export of goods for selected economies, growth rate Y/Y-1 in %, in 2004–2015.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: July 01, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_007.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130423Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=5487809c011ed6fd5c927c33d40cf5d13a458d46bc475873b2fb07991b41e8ea&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 8
![Import and export of goods for selected economies in 2020, growth rate M/M-12 in %.Source: Own study based on TiVA data, www.oe.cd/tiva [access: July 01, 2021]. EU, European Union; TiVA, Trade in value added.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471f9cf215d2f6c89db7444/j_ijme-2022-0004_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250917%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250917T130423Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=2ba232e06eec9f4eb316d0e1ed65ea5dd4bb78d6b50122747a117f4c56a6d771&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)