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Superior protective effects of in vitro propagated green garlic against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in human hepatoma cells

Tomislav Vinković

Tomislav Vinković

Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences OsijekOsijek, Croatia
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Vinković, Tomislav
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Nada Parađiković

Nada Parađiković

Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences OsijekOsijek, Croatia
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Parađiković, Nada
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Monika Tkalec Kojić

Monika Tkalec Kojić

Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences OsijekOsijek, Croatia
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Kojić, Monika Tkalec
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Gordana Mendaš

Gordana Mendaš

Institute for Medical Research and Occupational HealthZagreb, Croatia
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Mendaš, Gordana
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Tanja Živković Semren

Tanja Živković Semren

Institute for Medical Research and Occupational HealthZagreb, Croatia
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Semren, Tanja Živković
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Valentina Gluščić

Valentina Gluščić

Institute for Medical Research and Occupational HealthZagreb, Croatia
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Gluščić, Valentina
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Ivana Vinković Vrček

Ivana Vinković Vrček

Institute for Medical Research and Occupational HealthZagreb, Croatia
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Vrček, Ivana Vinković
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Ivan Pavičić

Ivan Pavičić

Institute for Medical Research and Occupational HealthZagreb, Croatia
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Pavičić, Ivan
  
29 giu 2020
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Categoria dell'articolo: Original article
Pubblicato online: 29 giu 2020
Pagine: 130 - 137
Ricevuto: 01 feb 2019
Accettato: 01 giu 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3399
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© 2020 Tomislav Vinković et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Total garlic extract phenolic content (expressed as mg of GAE per gram of garlic powder) and antioxidant activity (AOX, expressed as mm of TEAC per gram of garlic powder). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Different letters denote significant differences (P<0.05) between CG and PG. GAE – gallic acid equivalent; TEAC – Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity
Total garlic extract phenolic content (expressed as mg of GAE per gram of garlic powder) and antioxidant activity (AOX, expressed as mm of TEAC per gram of garlic powder). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Different letters denote significant differences (P<0.05) between CG and PG. GAE – gallic acid equivalent; TEAC – Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity

Figure 2

Total flavonoid and alliin content (expressed as milligrams of quercetin and alliin per gram of garlic powder, respectively). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Different letters denote significant differences (P<0.05) between CG and PG
Total flavonoid and alliin content (expressed as milligrams of quercetin and alliin per gram of garlic powder, respectively). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Different letters denote significant differences (P<0.05) between CG and PG

Figure 3

Hepatoma cell viability according to the WST-8 colorimetric assay. Data are expressed as a percentage of absorbance with respect to negative control as a starting point (100 %). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Values marked with the same letters are not significantly different, whereas values marked with different letters are significantly different. # indicates significant difference from negative control and * from positive (H2O2) control (P<0.05)
Hepatoma cell viability according to the WST-8 colorimetric assay. Data are expressed as a percentage of absorbance with respect to negative control as a starting point (100 %). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Values marked with the same letters are not significantly different, whereas values marked with different letters are significantly different. # indicates significant difference from negative control and * from positive (H2O2) control (P<0.05)

Figure 4

GSH levels determined with the MBCI fluorescent probe. Data are expressed as a percentage of fluorescence of negative control as a starting point (100 %). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Values marked with the same letters are not significantly different, whereas values marked with different letters are significantly different. # indicates significant difference from negative control and * from positive (H2O2) control (P<0.05)
GSH levels determined with the MBCI fluorescent probe. Data are expressed as a percentage of fluorescence of negative control as a starting point (100 %). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Values marked with the same letters are not significantly different, whereas values marked with different letters are significantly different. # indicates significant difference from negative control and * from positive (H2O2) control (P<0.05)

Figure 5

Intracellular ROS levels determined with the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Data are expressed as a percentage of fluorescence of negative control as a starting point (100 %). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Values marked with the same letters are not significantly different, whereas values marked with different letters are significantly different. # indicates significant difference from negative control and * from positive (H2O2) control (P<0.05)
Intracellular ROS levels determined with the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Data are expressed as a percentage of fluorescence of negative control as a starting point (100 %). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Values marked with the same letters are not significantly different, whereas values marked with different letters are significantly different. # indicates significant difference from negative control and * from positive (H2O2) control (P<0.05)

Differences in yield and overall alliin content between conventional growing and in vitro propagation

Garlic PT Leaves number Yield per plant (bulbs or leafy part) (g) Yield per square meter (g) Alliin yield per square meter (g)
CG 12.57±0.89a 38.69±0.73a 1102.77±20.89b 9.02±0.15b
PG 9.89±0.66b 30.57±0.42b 3056.98±42.14a 74.79±0.94a
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Inglese, Croatian, Slovenian
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Medicina, Scienze medicali di base, Scienze medicali di base, altro
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