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Superior protective effects of in vitro propagated green garlic against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in human hepatoma cells

Tomislav Vinković
Tomislav Vinković
, 
Nada Parađiković
Nada Parađiković
, 
Monika Tkalec Kojić
Monika Tkalec Kojić
, 
Gordana Mendaš
Gordana Mendaš
, 
Tanja Živković Semren
Tanja Živković Semren
, 
Valentina Gluščić
Valentina Gluščić
, 
Ivana Vinković Vrček
Ivana Vinković Vrček
 and 
Ivan Pavičić
Ivan Pavičić
   | Jun 29, 2020
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Article Category: Original article
Published Online: Jun 29, 2020
Page range: 130 - 137
Received: Feb 01, 2019
Accepted: Jun 01, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3399
Keywords
© 2020 Tomislav Vinković et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Total garlic extract phenolic content (expressed as mg of GAE per gram of garlic powder) and antioxidant activity (AOX, expressed as mm of TEAC per gram of garlic powder). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Different letters denote significant differences (P<0.05) between CG and PG. GAE – gallic acid equivalent; TEAC – Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity
Total garlic extract phenolic content (expressed as mg of GAE per gram of garlic powder) and antioxidant activity (AOX, expressed as mm of TEAC per gram of garlic powder). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Different letters denote significant differences (P<0.05) between CG and PG. GAE – gallic acid equivalent; TEAC – Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity

Figure 2

Total flavonoid and alliin content (expressed as milligrams of quercetin and alliin per gram of garlic powder, respectively). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Different letters denote significant differences (P<0.05) between CG and PG
Total flavonoid and alliin content (expressed as milligrams of quercetin and alliin per gram of garlic powder, respectively). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Different letters denote significant differences (P<0.05) between CG and PG

Figure 3

Hepatoma cell viability according to the WST-8 colorimetric assay. Data are expressed as a percentage of absorbance with respect to negative control as a starting point (100 %). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Values marked with the same letters are not significantly different, whereas values marked with different letters are significantly different. # indicates significant difference from negative control and * from positive (H2O2) control (P<0.05)
Hepatoma cell viability according to the WST-8 colorimetric assay. Data are expressed as a percentage of absorbance with respect to negative control as a starting point (100 %). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Values marked with the same letters are not significantly different, whereas values marked with different letters are significantly different. # indicates significant difference from negative control and * from positive (H2O2) control (P<0.05)

Figure 4

GSH levels determined with the MBCI fluorescent probe. Data are expressed as a percentage of fluorescence of negative control as a starting point (100 %). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Values marked with the same letters are not significantly different, whereas values marked with different letters are significantly different. # indicates significant difference from negative control and * from positive (H2O2) control (P<0.05)
GSH levels determined with the MBCI fluorescent probe. Data are expressed as a percentage of fluorescence of negative control as a starting point (100 %). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Values marked with the same letters are not significantly different, whereas values marked with different letters are significantly different. # indicates significant difference from negative control and * from positive (H2O2) control (P<0.05)

Figure 5

Intracellular ROS levels determined with the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Data are expressed as a percentage of fluorescence of negative control as a starting point (100 %). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Values marked with the same letters are not significantly different, whereas values marked with different letters are significantly different. # indicates significant difference from negative control and * from positive (H2O2) control (P<0.05)
Intracellular ROS levels determined with the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Data are expressed as a percentage of fluorescence of negative control as a starting point (100 %). Values represent means ± standard deviations. Values marked with the same letters are not significantly different, whereas values marked with different letters are significantly different. # indicates significant difference from negative control and * from positive (H2O2) control (P<0.05)

Differences in yield and overall alliin content between conventional growing and in vitro propagation

Garlic PT Leaves number Yield per plant (bulbs or leafy part) (g) Yield per square meter (g) Alliin yield per square meter (g)
CG 12.57±0.89a 38.69±0.73a 1102.77±20.89b 9.02±0.15b
PG 9.89±0.66b 30.57±0.42b 3056.98±42.14a 74.79±0.94a
eISSN:
1848-6312
Languages:
English, Slovenian
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Medicine, Basic Medical Science, other
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