Multiwavelet and multiwavelet packet analysis in qualitative assessment of the chaotic states
14 sie 2025
O artykule
Kategoria artykułu: Research Article
Data publikacji: 14 sie 2025
Zakres stron: 13 - 26
Otrzymano: 06 mar 2025
Przyjęty: 24 cze 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2025-0017
Słowa kluczowe
© 2025 Kamila Jarczewska, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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Figure 18
![Bifurcation diagram (a) and variation function of max. Lyapunov exponent (b) for the system described by equation (18)
L
=
0.5
m
,
m
=
1
kg
,
k
=
100
N
m
,
k
1
=
1,000
N
m
3
,
ω
=
10
rad/s
\left(\phantom{\rule[-0.75em]{}{0ex}},L=0.5\hspace{.5em}\text{m},\hspace{.5em}m=1\hspace{.5em}\text{kg},\hspace{.5em}k=\frac{100\hspace{.5em}\text{N}}{m},\hspace{.5em}{k}_{1}=\frac{\mathrm{1,000}\hspace{.5em}\text{N}}{{m}^{3}},\hspace{.5em}\omega =10\hspace{.5em}\text{rad/s}\right)
.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/689cd21dafc50a4de095ea51/j_sgem-2025-0017_fig_018.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250919%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250919T165227Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=8e15a9532089b8100cdfd44b2cc46f870f2d7aa0cb6e9845368a1d0d6bf429ad&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 19
![Bifurcation diagram (a)and variation function of max. Lyapunov exponent (b) for the system described by equation (18)
L
=
0.5
m
,
m
=
1
kg
,
k
=
100
N
m
,
k
1
=
1,000
N
m
3
,
ω
=
15
rad/s
\left(\phantom{\rule[-0.75em]{}{0ex}},L=0.5\hspace{.5em}\text{m},\hspace{.5em}m=1\hspace{.5em}\text{kg},\hspace{.5em}k=\frac{100\hspace{.5em}\text{N}}{m},\hspace{.5em}{k}_{1}=\frac{\mathrm{1,000}\hspace{.5em}\text{N}}{{m}^{3}},\hspace{.5em}\omega =15\hspace{.5em}\text{rad/s}\right)
.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/689cd21dafc50a4de095ea51/j_sgem-2025-0017_fig_019.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250919%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250919T165227Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=709bfdd572c59ee435d60aad9152d30c26ff1f419d448ee4909755a747d1b3c8&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 20
![Selected resolution levels j of multiwavelet signal analysis coefficients in pre-critical state P = 25 N (a) and in post-critical state P = 30 N (b) for the system described by equation (18)
L
=
0.5
m
,
m
=
1
kg
,
k
=
100
N
m
,
k
1
=
1,000
N
m
3
,
ω
=
10
rad/s
\left(\phantom{\rule[-0.75em]{}{0ex}},L=0.5\hspace{.5em}\text{m},\hspace{.5em}m=1\hspace{.5em}\text{kg},\hspace{.5em}k=\frac{100\hspace{.5em}\text{N}}{m},\hspace{.5em}{k}_{1}=\frac{\mathrm{1,000}\hspace{.5em}\text{N}}{{m}^{3}},\hspace{.25em}\omega =10\hspace{.5em}\text{rad/s}\right)
.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/689cd21dafc50a4de095ea51/j_sgem-2025-0017_fig_020.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250919%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250919T165227Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=a77497943fe562cd55be4beb256dd92582ae756ba5c3e4778c902934450910d5&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 21
![Multiwavelet expansion coefficients obtained at resolution level j = 6 in pre-critical state P = 25 N (a) and in post-critical state P = 30 N (b) for the system described by equation (18)
L
=
0.5
m
,
m
=
1
kg
,
k
=
100
N
m
,
k
1
=
1,000
N
m
3
,
ω
=
10
rad/s
\left(\phantom{\rule[-0.75em]{}{0ex}},L=0.5\hspace{.5em}\text{m},\hspace{.5em}m=1\hspace{.5em}\text{kg},\hspace{.5em}k=\frac{100\hspace{.5em}\text{N}}{m},\hspace{.5em}{k}_{1}=\frac{\mathrm{1,000}\hspace{.5em}\text{N}}{{m}^{3}},\hspace{.5em}\omega =10\hspace{.5em}\text{rad/s}\right)
.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/689cd21dafc50a4de095ea51/j_sgem-2025-0017_fig_021.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250919%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250919T165227Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=360f1511a0a18641edaaee23f1eef27e11c47e0bea7283c38a108d652e2e146e&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 22
![Multiwavelet expansion coefficients obtained at resolution level j = 6 in pre-critical state P = 40 N (a) and in post-critical state P = 55 N (b) for the system described by equation (18)
L
=
0.5
m
,
m
=
1
kg
,
k
=
100
N
m
,
k
1
=
1,000
N
m
3
,
ω
=
15
rad/s
\left(\phantom{\rule[-0.75em]{}{0ex}},L=0.5\hspace{.5em}\text{m},\hspace{.5em}m=1\hspace{.5em}\text{kg},\hspace{.5em}k=\frac{100\hspace{.5em}\text{N}}{m},\hspace{.5em}{k}_{1}=\frac{\mathrm{1,000}\hspace{.5em}\text{N}}{{m}^{3}},\hspace{.5em}\omega =15\hspace{.5em}\text{rad/s}\right)
.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/689cd21dafc50a4de095ea51/j_sgem-2025-0017_fig_022.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250919%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250919T165227Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=185e682fb77214ebd46d56138d0e30625d938767ca53d70f920d7c41e62a411d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)