Volumen 13 (2021): Edición 3 (September 2021)

Objective: The objective of this paper is to present the preliminary research findings concerning the expectations towards international study visits undertaken by university students hailing from different higher education institutions around Europe on the canvas of internationalization as a concept.

Methodology: The research was carried out on a group of 440 students from 5 European countries. The study covered the population of students of faculties whose graduates are preparing to work in business. The basic research tool was a questionnaire with dominating closed questions and the possibility for respondents to indicate more than one answer. The answers of the respondents were measured using a five-point Likert scale with a variable description of the minimum and maximum point value. When analyzing the data, descriptive statistics were used. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in mean ranks across attribute ratings.

Findings: The results highlight significant common features of students’ expectations towards international mobility programs: personal development orientation, interest in contact with employers and professional environment, willingness to try themselves in new challenges by developing creative and communication skills in an international environment.

Value Added: This article is an important voice on the impact of mobility programs on the competencies development of future graduates. The final results of the research can be used to improve the mobility and educational programs offered by universities which equip their students with major skills, knowledge and attitudes in the future workplace.

Recommendations: The highest-valued components of international study visits do not fully reflect the expectations of employers, and the study of the reasons for these discrepancies, as well as reflection on how to minimize them in the process of academic teaching, remain a significant challenge for the practice of building competencies sought in the labour market.

Objective: The smart city is defined as a mix of urban strategies aimed at optimizing and innovating public services. Current cities are hybrid and affected by complex systems with inter-institutional collaboration. This study aims to understand which variables are most present and important according to the literature review and comparative analysis of two case studies.

Methodology: The authors have chosen the emerging smart city of Turin and Lugano to conduct a cross-analysis based on the matrix proposed by Yin (2017). This research is characterized as a holistic study of multiple cases.

Findings: The research was carried out thanks to results produced by literature and emerging from the analysis of realities exposed, to assess the performance of projects and urban sustainability. A set of 71 indicators has been designed to assess the impacts of a smart city. 5 Indicators are related to management performance, 18 to governance and 48 to reporting.

Value Added: This research aims to implement the theory of information reporting by providing guidelines for indicators in inter-institutional, cross-sectoral and multi-level contexts maximising smart factors in cities and meeting stakeholder needs in a hybrid organization.

Recommendations: Future research is recommended to confirm the relevant indicators for stakeholders associated with communication methods.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of empirical studies on school leadership across the globe and then specifically for public high schools in Vietnam. There are very few studies done on the leadership of school leaders in Vietnamese public schools and how leadership can affect the school’s overall performance. Hence this review aims to address this gap and provide a review of leadership practices, the effect of school leadership which might enhance the leadership at public high schools in Vietnam

Methodology: Narrative systematic review was conducted by identifying the papers published in educational journals were analyzed using different databases and based on the main findings of those papers, the review of the literature was written.

Findings: The review suggested that there are differences in the leadership styles practiced in Vietnam as compared to the rest of the world. The leaders in Vietnamese schools do not have full autonomy to make the decisions and MOET (Ministry of Education and Training) plays a significant role in making decisions.

Value added: This review of literature has aimed to fill the gap regarding the educational leadership system in the Vietnamese high school context whereas very limited studies have focused on this and how leadership can impact school performance in general.

Recommendations: This review can prove to be an effective document for government authorities in Vietnam and other worldwide schools where the leaders might not be given the full autonomy to make the decisions and hence might have an effect on teachers and students’ satisfaction levels in the schools. Hence, it is important to provide some autonomy to leaders at least at micro-level.

Objective: The objective of this study was to understand the personal and inter- personal pressures entrepreneurial individuals feel to pursue opportunities out- side their home country.

Methodology: Entrepreneurs in Mexico were given a survey regarding personal and interpersonal pressures to out migrate.

Findings: Exploratory factor analysis showed three valid factors for outmigration: personal preference, social pressure, and perception of opportunities.

Value Added: The instrument developed offers an overall Outmigration Tendency (OT) score which can provide valuable insight into why entrepreneurs choose to emigrate. This appears to be the first instrument to measure outmigration pressure and to be validated internationally.

Recommendations: The tendency score resulting from the survey can help researchers and policy makers understand the likelihood of a worker leaving his/her country to seek work opportunities elsewhere.

Objectives: The main driving objective of this research is focused on revealing entrepreneurship trends that businesses can utilize to remain competitive in the market and grow toward achieving their goals in Indonesia. Also, this research explains the entrepreneurship future, what to do, and how to offset the prevalent challenges.

Methodology: The best method of research used in this study is the descriptive quantitative and cross-sectional study based on the available trends which are believed to occur in the future. The methodologies used in this research give it more accuracy on how to achieve all the set targets. Secondary sources of data enable the researcher to acquire the skills through which they will be used as the bridge recognizing the trends available in the realm of entrepreneurship. The data was collected from the BPS-Indonesian Central Statistics Agency.

Findings: This study reveals the significant factors that can be used to sustain corporate entrepreneurship in the post-pandemic era. Utilizing the descriptive quantitative and cross-sectional study in the research, the study collected the relevant information on entrepreneurship and how the future trends will affect the need for the advancement in technology, therefore creating more job opportunities.

Limitation: The main limitation to this research was finding substantive information that suits the identified time frame with relevant data. The research requires the incorporation of various studies and surveys. Moreover, some of the entrepreneurship publications relevant to be used in this study were not written in English. Also, this study used mapping of reviews, which have some weaknesses since some of them are limited to time.

Value Added and Recommendations: This research significantly contributes to essential areas in business in Indonesia since there are scarce studies like this regarding entrepreneurship in the post-pandemic era. The research has indicated that it is necessary to treat entrepreneurship education as a priority by policymakers, governments, and educators.

Objective: This paper aims at restoring tourism and hospitality economic sectors following the negative impacts of the COVID-19. It addresses how behaviour changes can impact the global economy and the relationship between the COVID-19 and the economic development of a country as well as the policy measures to restore the global economy. The findings from this research will be useful to the tourism and hospitality sectors of the global economies. The recommendations from the study are helpful in decision-making when restoring the global economy.

Methodology: To pursue its aim, the study uses Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats (SWOT Analysis). This method helps determine the strategic factors that will ensure the global economy's restoration during the COVID-19 period. Additionally, an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method helps prioritize the strategic factors to provide the most effective is used.

Findings: The research findings indicate that the knowledge that people adapt is constant. Since abrupt changes in behaviour among individuals in the global context is a challenge, the report observes the need to adjust to the new action, especially when adapting to new geographical locations. The tourism sector, for instance, suffers majorly. Notably, most countries are on an economic standstill; this is attributable to the increasing financial crisis because of bans on international travel. Further, the research reflects the pandemic's emergency, especially in the economic, political, and socio-cultural sectors. Concerning the relationship between the pandemic and the global economy, the research observes a backpedalling characterized by low growth in the global gross domestic product (GDP), a significant determinant of economic development in many countries. Economic research indicates poorly productive economies, reduced consumption of locally manufactured goods, and employment losses.

Recommendations: The report recommends developing new mechanisms and policy measures besides behavioural changes to restore the global economy. However, variations, complications, and modifications characterize these measures. Additionally, the research's proposed strategies acknowledge that the economy's tourism and hospitality sectors require reinstation from income employment, social inclusion, and socio-economic solidarity. Reinstation is also mandatory in cultural exchange and peaceful coexistence.

Value-added: The results indicate that COVID-19 will break down the tourism sector's economic development structure; hence, strategic initiatives will be vital in achieving the economy's sustainable tourism and hospitality sectors. The inclusion of production and consumption is related to the current global economy due to the COVID-19 pandemic.