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Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research

Volumen 32 (2023): Edición 3 (July 2023)

Volumen 32 (2023): Edición 2 (May 2023)

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Volumen 31 (2022): Edición 3 (November 2022)

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Volumen 30 (2021): Edición 4 (November 2021)

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Volumen 29 (2020): Edición 3 (December 2020)

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Volumen 28 (2019): Edición 7 (December 2019)

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Volumen 25 (2013): Edición 5 (March 2013)

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Volumen 19 (2001): Edición 7 (October 2001)

Volumen 19 (2001): Edición 6 (July 2001)

Volumen 19 (2001): Edición 5 (April 2001)

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Volumen 18 (1999): Edición 6 (December 1999)

Volumen 18 (1999): Edición 5 (July 1999)

Volumen 18 (1999): Edición 4 (April 1999)

Volumen 18 (1998): Edición 3 (December 1998)

Volumen 18 (1998): Edición 2 (August 1998)

Volumen 18 (1998): Edición 1 (April 1998)

Volumen 17 (1997): Edición 3 (December 1997)

Volumen 17 (1997): Edición 2 (September 1997)

Volumen 17 (1996): Edición 1 (December 1996)

Volumen 16 (1995): Edición 4 (November 1995)

Volumen 16 (1995): Edición 3 (July 1995)

Volumen 16 (1994): Edición 2 (June 1994)

Volumen 16 (1994): Edición 1 (May 1994)

Volumen 15 (1992): Edición 3 (November 1992)

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Volumen 15 (1991): Edición 1 (August 1991)

Volumen 14 (1990): Edición 6 (June 1990)

Volumen 14 (1989): Edición 5 (October 1989)

Volumen 14 (1989): Edición 4 (February 1989)

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Volumen 14 (1988): Edición 2 (October 1988)

Volumen 14 (1987): Edición 1 (December 1987)

Volumen 13 (1986): Edición 5 (December 1986)

Volumen 13 (1986): Edición 4 (August 1986)

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Volumen 13 (1985): Edición 2 (December 1985)

Volumen 13 (1985): Edición 1 (January 1985)

Volumen 12 (1984): Edición 5 (November 1984)

Volumen 12 (1984): Edición 4 (July 1984)

Volumen 12 (1984): Edición 3 (February 1984)

Volumen 12 (1983): Edición 2 (June 1983)

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Volumen 11 (1982): Edición 5 (November 1982)

Volumen 11 (1982): Edición 4 (August 1982)

Volumen 11 (1982): Edición 3 (January 1982)

Volumen 11 (1981): Edición 2 (September 1981)

Volumen 11 (1981): Edición 1 (March 1981)

Volumen 10 (1980): Edición 3 (October 1980)

Volumen 10 (1980): Edición 2 (July 1980)

Volumen 10 (1979): Edición 1 (December 1979)

Volumen 9 (1978): Edición 5 (December 1978)

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Volumen 8 (1976): Edición 7 (October 1976)

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Volumen 8 (1976): Edición 5 (March 1976)

Volumen 8 (1975): Edición 4 (December 1975)

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Volumen 8 (1975): Edición 1 (January 1975)

Volumen 7 (1974): Edición 5 (September 1974)

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Volumen 6 (1972): Edición 5 (October 1972)

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Volumen 5 (1970): Edición 6 (December 1970)

Volumen 5 (1970): Edición 5 (November 1970)

Volumen 5 (1970): Edición 4 (August 1970)

Volumen 5 (1969): Edición 3 (December 1969)

Volumen 5 (1969): Edición 2 (August 1969)

Volumen 5 (1969): Edición 1 (June 1969)

Volumen 4 (1968): Edición 7 (December 1968)

Volumen 4 (1968): Edición 6 (November 1968)

Volumen 4 (1968): Edición 5 (July 1968)

Volumen 4 (1968): Edición 4 (May 1968)

Volumen 4 (1968): Edición 3 (February 1968)

Volumen 4 (1967): Edición 2 (October 1967)

Volumen 4 (1967): Edición 1 (August 1967)

Volumen 3 (1966): Edición 9 (December 1966)

Volumen 3 (1966): Edición 8 (December 1966)

Volumen 3 (1966): Edición 7 (November 1966)

Volumen 3 (1966): Edición 6 (September 1966)

Volumen 3 (1966): Edición 5 (May 1966)

Volumen 3 (1965): Edición 4 (October 1965)

Volumen 3 (1965): Edición 3 (August 1965)

Volumen 3 (1965): Edición 2 (May 1965)

Volumen 3 (1965): Edición 1 (April 1965)

Volumen 2 (1964): Edición 7 (November 1964)

Volumen 2 (1964): Edición 6 (October 1964)

Volumen 2 (1964): Edición 5 (May 1964)

Volumen 2 (1964): Edición 4 (February 1964)

Volumen 2 (1963): Edición 3 (October 1963)

Volumen 2 (1963): Edición 2 (June 1963)

Volumen 2 (1963): Edición 1 (March 1963)

Volumen 1 (1962): Edición 10 (December 1962)

Volumen 1 (1962): Edición 9 (December 1962)

Volumen 1 (1962): Edición 8 (November 1962)

Volumen 1 (1962): Edición 7 (November 1962)

Volumen 1 (1962): Edición 6 (July 1962)

Volumen 1 (1962): Edición 5 (February 1962)

Volumen 1 (1961): Edición 4 (November 1961)

Volumen 1 (1961): Edición 3 (August 1961)

Volumen 1 (1961): Edición 2 (May 1961)

Volumen 1 (1961): Edición 1 (January 1961)

Detalles de la revista
Formato
Revista
eISSN
2719-9509
Publicado por primera vez
01 Jan 1992
Periodo de publicación
4 veces al año
Idiomas
Inglés

Buscar

Volumen 4 (1968): Edición 5 (July 1968)

Detalles de la revista
Formato
Revista
eISSN
2719-9509
Publicado por primera vez
01 Jan 1992
Periodo de publicación
4 veces al año
Idiomas
Inglés

Buscar

0 Artículos
Acceso abierto

The Quantitative Determination of Insecticides in Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke. 2nd Report: The Determination of Carbamate Residues - Methoden zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Insektiziden in Tabak und Tabakrauch. II. Mitteilung: Zur Bestimmung von Carbamat-Insektiziden

E. Nesemann,
E. Nesemann,
R. Schröder y
R. Schröder y
F. Seehofer
F. Seehofer
Publicado en línea: 04 Jul 2022
Páginas: 197 - 200

Resumen

Abstract

A thin-layer chromatographic method has been developed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of carbamate residues on tobacco. The method's inferior limit of detection is 80 ng for Carbaryl and 200 ng for Undene. The coefficient of variation of the results is 5.3 % for Carbaryl and 7.7 % for Undene.

Acceso abierto

Chemical Studies on Tobacco Smoke: V. Quantitative Determination of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides in Cigarette Tobacco and its Smoke

D. Hoffmann y
D. Hoffmann y
G. Rathkamp
G. Rathkamp
Publicado en línea: 04 Jul 2022
Páginas: 201 - 214

Resumen

Abstract

An analytical method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in tobacco products. It is based on three consecutive distributions, followed by column chromatography on deactivated alumina. This procedure leads to a degree of enrichment which allows the direct assessment of the insecticides by gas chromatography. For the isolation and identification of the individual components the column chromatography endfractions are separated by gas chromatography and collected from the effluent of the column. These materials are used for mass spectrometric analyses. For the quantitative analyses DDT-C14 is used as internal standard and the amount of insecticides is determined with the aid of a gas chromatograph with electron capture detector. In 1.0 g cigarette tobacco were found 11.7 µg 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane [DDD]; 4.8 µg 1,1-dichloro2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane [o,p-DDD]; 1,1 µg 1-chloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene [DDM]; 7.8 µg 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane [DDT] and 3.6 µg of an admixture of 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane [o,p-DDT] and 1,1-dichloro-2-(m-chlorophenyl)2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane [m,p-DDD]. The mainstream smoke of an 85 mm U.S. blended cigarette without filter tip contained 1.75 µg DDD, 0.45 µg o,p-DDD, 0.81 µg DDM, 0.77 µg DDT, 0.70 µg o,p-DDT plus m,p-DDD, 0.21 µg 1,1-dichloro-2-2bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene and 1.52 µg trans-4,4'-dichlorostilbene. Endrin was detected neither in cigarette smoke nor in U.S. tobaccos of Winter 1967-68. The transfer rates for unchanged chlorinated insecticides from cigarette tobacco into mainstream smoke amounted to 18 % for DDD, 11.6 % for o,p-DDD and 12.4 % for DDT. The findings of this study are compared with earlier publications and are briefly discussed in respect to formation of some of the chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and the possible, though rather unlikely, contribution of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides to experimental tobacco carcinogenesis.

Acceso abierto

The Loss of Volatile Oils in Oriental Tobacco During Pre-Moistening in the Vacuum Chamber - Über den Verlust an ätherischen Ölen bei der Vorfeuchtung von Orienttabaken in der Vakuum-Kammer

E. Byckling
E. Byckling
Publicado en línea: 04 Jul 2022
Páginas: 215 - 221

Resumen

Abstract

If a firm processes all grades of tobacco in a vacuum chamber, it is feared that the conditions of temperature and pressure present will cause a deterioration in quality by loss of the volatile oils, and particularly in the oriental grades, which are rich in volatile oils. Four grades of Oriental tobacco were pre-moistened in the vacuum chamber under different conditions. We described an analytical method of determining the content of volatile oils in tobacco, and the samples of tobacco were tested by this method. For samples which had a volatile content of 0.15 %-0.21 %, and which had not been moistened in the vacuum chamber, the tests produced the following results: In the process which was used to moisten the Oriental tobacco, a single operation of pumping out the vacuum chamber to a pressure of less than 1/100th atmosphere and subsequent induction of steam, there was a loss of 5 % - 6 % of the total content of volatile oils. We then treated our samples and some American tobacco under the same conditions, but with the most intensive method of moistening, "Hi-Vac". After the first evacuation, a supply of steam was alternately sucked in and drawn off in four further stages. This resulted in 9 % -10 % of the total oil content of the tobacco going to waste. Tobacco experts observed that even a loss of 5 % - 6 % of the volatile oils was detrimental to the flavour of oriental mixtures. If, however, about 30 % of Oriental tobacco grades is added to the total mixture, no difference in flavour can be noticed.

Acceso abierto

The Determination of the Flow Rate by Measuring the Absorption of Beta Rays - Tabakflussmengenmessung mittels Beta-Strahlung

J. Marek y
J. Marek y
G. Hayn
G. Hayn
Publicado en línea: 04 Jul 2022
Páginas: 222 - 225

Resumen

Abstract

The experiments made reveal that the principle of determining the rate of flow by measuring the absorption of beta rays is suitable for industrial application in the field of tobacco processing. The advantages of the procedure are the free installation and the small dimensions of the device. The price of the apparatus is surprisingly low, its application is, therefore, expedient mainly as transducer for controlling the flow rate of additives. The precision of the procedure satisfies most purposes being constant over long periods of time and not depending on factors such as, for example, the formation of a layer sticking to the surface of the belt weigher. There is, furthermore, the possibility of measuring the rate of tobacco flow in pneumatic conveyors.

Acceso abierto

The Calculation of the Technical Efficacy of Production Machines - Die Berechnung des Leistungsgrades von Produktionsmaschinen

H. Smit y
H. Smit y
H. Arendzen
H. Arendzen
Publicado en línea: 04 Jul 2022
Páginas: 226 - 228

Resumen

Abstract

Different definitions of time and production capacity at present employed by Turmac Tobacco Company are presented. The terms defined serve the purpose of calculating and evaluating the technical efficacy and productivity of production machines. They form, furthermore, the basis of the planning of production and the demand for personnel, of the calculation of the quantity of cigarettes produced as well as of a wage incentive scheme.

0 Artículos
Acceso abierto

The Quantitative Determination of Insecticides in Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke. 2nd Report: The Determination of Carbamate Residues - Methoden zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Insektiziden in Tabak und Tabakrauch. II. Mitteilung: Zur Bestimmung von Carbamat-Insektiziden

E. Nesemann,
E. Nesemann,
R. Schröder y
R. Schröder y
F. Seehofer
F. Seehofer
Publicado en línea: 04 Jul 2022
Páginas: 197 - 200

Resumen

Abstract

A thin-layer chromatographic method has been developed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of carbamate residues on tobacco. The method's inferior limit of detection is 80 ng for Carbaryl and 200 ng for Undene. The coefficient of variation of the results is 5.3 % for Carbaryl and 7.7 % for Undene.

Acceso abierto

Chemical Studies on Tobacco Smoke: V. Quantitative Determination of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides in Cigarette Tobacco and its Smoke

D. Hoffmann y
D. Hoffmann y
G. Rathkamp
G. Rathkamp
Publicado en línea: 04 Jul 2022
Páginas: 201 - 214

Resumen

Abstract

An analytical method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in tobacco products. It is based on three consecutive distributions, followed by column chromatography on deactivated alumina. This procedure leads to a degree of enrichment which allows the direct assessment of the insecticides by gas chromatography. For the isolation and identification of the individual components the column chromatography endfractions are separated by gas chromatography and collected from the effluent of the column. These materials are used for mass spectrometric analyses. For the quantitative analyses DDT-C14 is used as internal standard and the amount of insecticides is determined with the aid of a gas chromatograph with electron capture detector. In 1.0 g cigarette tobacco were found 11.7 µg 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane [DDD]; 4.8 µg 1,1-dichloro2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane [o,p-DDD]; 1,1 µg 1-chloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene [DDM]; 7.8 µg 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane [DDT] and 3.6 µg of an admixture of 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane [o,p-DDT] and 1,1-dichloro-2-(m-chlorophenyl)2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane [m,p-DDD]. The mainstream smoke of an 85 mm U.S. blended cigarette without filter tip contained 1.75 µg DDD, 0.45 µg o,p-DDD, 0.81 µg DDM, 0.77 µg DDT, 0.70 µg o,p-DDT plus m,p-DDD, 0.21 µg 1,1-dichloro-2-2bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene and 1.52 µg trans-4,4'-dichlorostilbene. Endrin was detected neither in cigarette smoke nor in U.S. tobaccos of Winter 1967-68. The transfer rates for unchanged chlorinated insecticides from cigarette tobacco into mainstream smoke amounted to 18 % for DDD, 11.6 % for o,p-DDD and 12.4 % for DDT. The findings of this study are compared with earlier publications and are briefly discussed in respect to formation of some of the chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and the possible, though rather unlikely, contribution of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides to experimental tobacco carcinogenesis.

Acceso abierto

The Loss of Volatile Oils in Oriental Tobacco During Pre-Moistening in the Vacuum Chamber - Über den Verlust an ätherischen Ölen bei der Vorfeuchtung von Orienttabaken in der Vakuum-Kammer

E. Byckling
E. Byckling
Publicado en línea: 04 Jul 2022
Páginas: 215 - 221

Resumen

Abstract

If a firm processes all grades of tobacco in a vacuum chamber, it is feared that the conditions of temperature and pressure present will cause a deterioration in quality by loss of the volatile oils, and particularly in the oriental grades, which are rich in volatile oils. Four grades of Oriental tobacco were pre-moistened in the vacuum chamber under different conditions. We described an analytical method of determining the content of volatile oils in tobacco, and the samples of tobacco were tested by this method. For samples which had a volatile content of 0.15 %-0.21 %, and which had not been moistened in the vacuum chamber, the tests produced the following results: In the process which was used to moisten the Oriental tobacco, a single operation of pumping out the vacuum chamber to a pressure of less than 1/100th atmosphere and subsequent induction of steam, there was a loss of 5 % - 6 % of the total content of volatile oils. We then treated our samples and some American tobacco under the same conditions, but with the most intensive method of moistening, "Hi-Vac". After the first evacuation, a supply of steam was alternately sucked in and drawn off in four further stages. This resulted in 9 % -10 % of the total oil content of the tobacco going to waste. Tobacco experts observed that even a loss of 5 % - 6 % of the volatile oils was detrimental to the flavour of oriental mixtures. If, however, about 30 % of Oriental tobacco grades is added to the total mixture, no difference in flavour can be noticed.

Acceso abierto

The Determination of the Flow Rate by Measuring the Absorption of Beta Rays - Tabakflussmengenmessung mittels Beta-Strahlung

J. Marek y
J. Marek y
G. Hayn
G. Hayn
Publicado en línea: 04 Jul 2022
Páginas: 222 - 225

Resumen

Abstract

The experiments made reveal that the principle of determining the rate of flow by measuring the absorption of beta rays is suitable for industrial application in the field of tobacco processing. The advantages of the procedure are the free installation and the small dimensions of the device. The price of the apparatus is surprisingly low, its application is, therefore, expedient mainly as transducer for controlling the flow rate of additives. The precision of the procedure satisfies most purposes being constant over long periods of time and not depending on factors such as, for example, the formation of a layer sticking to the surface of the belt weigher. There is, furthermore, the possibility of measuring the rate of tobacco flow in pneumatic conveyors.

Acceso abierto

The Calculation of the Technical Efficacy of Production Machines - Die Berechnung des Leistungsgrades von Produktionsmaschinen

H. Smit y
H. Smit y
H. Arendzen
H. Arendzen
Publicado en línea: 04 Jul 2022
Páginas: 226 - 228

Resumen

Abstract

Different definitions of time and production capacity at present employed by Turmac Tobacco Company are presented. The terms defined serve the purpose of calculating and evaluating the technical efficacy and productivity of production machines. They form, furthermore, the basis of the planning of production and the demand for personnel, of the calculation of the quantity of cigarettes produced as well as of a wage incentive scheme.