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Bioimpedance-based authentication of defrosted versus fresh pork at the end of refrigerated shelf life

Daniel E. Osen
Daniel E. Osen
, 
Sisay Mebre Abie
Sisay Mebre Abie
, 
Ørjan G. Martinsen
Ørjan G. Martinsen
, 
Bjørg Egelandsdal
Bjørg Egelandsdal
 and 
Daniel Münch
Daniel Münch
   | Jan 14, 2023
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Published Online: Jan 14, 2023
Page range: 125 - 131
Received: Sep 29, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2022-0017
Keywords
© 2022 Daniel E. Osen, Sisay Mebre Abie, Ørjan G. Martinsen, Bjørg Egelandsdal, Daniel Münch, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 2

Individual impedance response spectra and Py values indicate almost complete separation of refrigerated and subsequently frozen-thawed pork samples (N=20 for each test group and one specific electrode position). A. Impedance spectra before freezing (refrigerated) and after thawing (frozen-thawed). B. Histogram plot of Py values for all pork sirloin samples, as extracted from one specific position measurement.
Individual impedance response spectra and Py values indicate almost complete separation of refrigerated and subsequently frozen-thawed pork samples (N=20 for each test group and one specific electrode position). A. Impedance spectra before freezing (refrigerated) and after thawing (frozen-thawed). B. Histogram plot of Py values for all pork sirloin samples, as extracted from one specific position measurement.

Figure 1

Measuring the bioimpedance of sirloin cuts. Four different positions were chosen for the electrode, two with the electrode inserted perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis of the LTL (A, B; approximately also perpendicular to the main muscle fiber direction) and two positions along the anterior-posterior axis (C, D; approximately in line with the main muscle fiber direction C, D). The side facing the camera is the dorsal side of the LTL muscle (depicted axes: anterior/posterior & left/right).
Measuring the bioimpedance of sirloin cuts. Four different positions were chosen for the electrode, two with the electrode inserted perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis of the LTL (A, B; approximately also perpendicular to the main muscle fiber direction) and two positions along the anterior-posterior axis (C, D; approximately in line with the main muscle fiber direction C, D). The side facing the camera is the dorsal side of the LTL muscle (depicted axes: anterior/posterior & left/right).

Figure 3

Individual impedance phase angle responses in pork before and after freezing-thawing (N=20 per treatment group). A. The phase angle of refrigerated and frozen-thawed meat measured in one specific position. B. The distribution of phase angle values at 110 kHz reveals apparent differences between refrigerated and frozen-thawed samples.
Individual impedance phase angle responses in pork before and after freezing-thawing (N=20 per treatment group). A. The phase angle of refrigerated and frozen-thawed meat measured in one specific position. B. The distribution of phase angle values at 110 kHz reveals apparent differences between refrigerated and frozen-thawed samples.

Summary of the analyzed full factorial design (ANOVA) with Py as response and a two-level factor encoding for potentially confounding effects (R/FT = refrigerated/frozen-thawed; On/Al = electrode position ‘on-top’ into back muscle/see Fig. 1C, D versus ‘along’, through back muscle/see Fig. 1A, B; Pos = Position of electrode, left and right side of the sample; * = p > 0.2).

Py Variables Explained variance (adj.) (%) p-value
Main factors R/FT 12.8 <0.001
On/Al - *
Pos
 0.2
 0.051
Interaction F/FT. On/Al - *
F/FT. Pos 1.4 0.106
On/Al.Pos
 -
 *
Covariates Driploss (22.5 ± 1.2g) - **
Weight (335.4 ±7.4g) 3.7 0.009
pH (5.22 ± 0.01)
 -
 *
Error 79.5 -
eISSN:
1891-5469
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
Volume Open
Journal Subjects:
Engineering, Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Electronics, Life Sciences, Biophysics, Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, Spectroscopy and Metrology
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