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Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficiencies on some morphological and physiological properties and nutrient uptake by two almond rootstocks

Abbas Mirsoleimani
Abbas Mirsoleimani
, 
Mahdi Najafi-Ghiri
Mahdi Najafi-Ghiri
, 
Hossein Heydari
Hossein Heydari
 and 
Sara Farokhzadeh
Sara Farokhzadeh
   | Aug 18, 2021
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Article Category: Original Article
Published Online: Aug 18, 2021
Page range: 235 - 247
Received: Jan 30, 2021
Accepted: Jul 06, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0018
Keywords
© 2021 Abbas Mirsoleimani et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Effects of nutrient deficiency on the shoot macronutrient concentrations in BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).
Effects of nutrient deficiency on the shoot macronutrient concentrations in BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).

Figure 2

Effects of nutrient deficiency on the morphological traits of the shoots of BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).
Effects of nutrient deficiency on the morphological traits of the shoots of BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).

Figure 3

Effects of nutrient deficiency on the root morphological traits of the BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).
Effects of nutrient deficiency on the root morphological traits of the BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).

Figure 4

Effects of nutrient deficiency on SPAD, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b ratio of the leaves of the BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.); fw, fresh weight.
Effects of nutrient deficiency on SPAD, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b ratio of the leaves of the BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.); fw, fresh weight.

Figure 5

Effects of nutrient deficiency on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the leaves of BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. F0, initial fluorescence; Fm, maximum fluorescence; Fv, variable fluorescence; AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).
Effects of nutrient deficiency on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the leaves of BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. F0, initial fluorescence; Fm, maximum fluorescence; Fv, variable fluorescence; AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).

Figure 6

Comparison of plant height of Alook (Prunus scoparia L.) (left) and bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.) (right) seedlings under nitrogen deficiency (–N) treatment.
Comparison of plant height of Alook (Prunus scoparia L.) (left) and bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.) (right) seedlings under nitrogen deficiency (–N) treatment.

Figure 7

Comparison of the root system architectures of bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.) seedlings in control (left) and N-deficiency (right) treatment.
Comparison of the root system architectures of bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.) seedlings in control (left) and N-deficiency (right) treatment.

Composition of nutrient solutions used in the experiments.

Parameter Composition Concentration
Macronutrients Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 2 mM
KNO3 3 mM
MgSO4·7H2O 1 mM
NH4H2PO4 0.5 mM
Micronutrients H3BO3 46 μM
MnSO4·H2O 9.2 μM
ZnSO4·7H2O 0.77 μM
CuSO4·5H2O 0.32 μM
H2MoO4 0.12 μM
EDTA-Fe 50 μM
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