Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficiencies on some morphological and physiological properties and nutrient uptake by two almond rootstocks
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Figure 1
Effects of nutrient deficiency on the shoot macronutrient concentrations in BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).
Figure 2
Effects of nutrient deficiency on the morphological traits of the shoots of BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).
Figure 3
Effects of nutrient deficiency on the root morphological traits of the BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).
Figure 4
Effects of nutrient deficiency on SPAD, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b ratio of the leaves of the BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.); fw, fresh weight.
Figure 5
Effects of nutrient deficiency on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the leaves of BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. F0, initial fluorescence; Fm, maximum fluorescence; Fv, variable fluorescence; AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).
Figure 6
Comparison of plant height of Alook (Prunus scoparia L.) (left) and bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.) (right) seedlings under nitrogen deficiency (–N) treatment.
Figure 7
Comparison of the root system architectures of bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.) seedlings in control (left) and N-deficiency (right) treatment.
Composition of nutrient solutions used in the experiments.