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Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficiencies on some morphological and physiological properties and nutrient uptake by two almond rootstocks

Abbas Mirsoleimani

Abbas Mirsoleimani

Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz UniversityShiraz, Iran
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Mirsoleimani, Abbas
, 
Mahdi Najafi-Ghiri

Mahdi Najafi-Ghiri

Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz UniversityShiraz, Iran
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Najafi-Ghiri, Mahdi
, 
Hossein Heydari

Hossein Heydari

Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz UniversityShiraz, Iran
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Heydari, Hossein
 und 
Sara Farokhzadeh

Sara Farokhzadeh

Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz UniversityShiraz, Iran
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Farokhzadeh, Sara
  
18. Aug. 2021
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Artikel-Kategorie: Original Article
Online veröffentlicht: 18. Aug. 2021
Seitenbereich: 235 - 247
Eingereicht: 30. Jan. 2021
Akzeptiert: 06. Juli 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0018
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© 2021 Abbas Mirsoleimani et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Effects of nutrient deficiency on the shoot macronutrient concentrations in BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).
Effects of nutrient deficiency on the shoot macronutrient concentrations in BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).

Figure 2

Effects of nutrient deficiency on the morphological traits of the shoots of BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).
Effects of nutrient deficiency on the morphological traits of the shoots of BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).

Figure 3

Effects of nutrient deficiency on the root morphological traits of the BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).
Effects of nutrient deficiency on the root morphological traits of the BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).

Figure 4

Effects of nutrient deficiency on SPAD, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b ratio of the leaves of the BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.); fw, fresh weight.
Effects of nutrient deficiency on SPAD, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b ratio of the leaves of the BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.); fw, fresh weight.

Figure 5

Effects of nutrient deficiency on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the leaves of BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. F0, initial fluorescence; Fm, maximum fluorescence; Fv, variable fluorescence; AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).
Effects of nutrient deficiency on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the leaves of BA and AL seedlings. Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between means (p < 0.05). –N, –P and –K indicate media without N, P and K, respectively. F0, initial fluorescence; Fm, maximum fluorescence; Fv, variable fluorescence; AL, Alook (Prunus scoparia L.); BA, bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.).

Figure 6

Comparison of plant height of Alook (Prunus scoparia L.) (left) and bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.) (right) seedlings under nitrogen deficiency (–N) treatment.
Comparison of plant height of Alook (Prunus scoparia L.) (left) and bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.) (right) seedlings under nitrogen deficiency (–N) treatment.

Figure 7

Comparison of the root system architectures of bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.) seedlings in control (left) and N-deficiency (right) treatment.
Comparison of the root system architectures of bitter almond (Prunus dulcis L.) seedlings in control (left) and N-deficiency (right) treatment.

Composition of nutrient solutions used in the experiments_

Parameter Composition Concentration
Macronutrients Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 2 mM
KNO3 3 mM
MgSO4·7H2O 1 mM
NH4H2PO4 0.5 mM
Micronutrients H3BO3 46 μM
MnSO4·H2O 9.2 μM
ZnSO4·7H2O 0.77 μM
CuSO4·5H2O 0.32 μM
H2MoO4 0.12 μM
EDTA-Fe 50 μM
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