Tom 205 (2016): Zeszyt 2 (June 2016)

Rapid firing of two bullets from the Skorpion submachine gun vz. 61 cal. 7,65 mm towards the target located at a distance of 25 [m] was registered at a police shooting range. The tests confirmed the opinion of the users regarding the presence of significant weapon dispersion. This undesirable effect prompted the authors to undertake work in order to improve the dynamic properties of weapons. Experimental studies provided information on the kinematics of movement of human - weapon system. On the basis of the courses of variation of displacement, velocity and acceleration over time, the behaviour of a machine gun in thirteen characteristic points of its operation was specified. The verification of bullet holes and analysis of recorded images showed a slight deviation of movement of the objects under examination from the vertical plane. Therefore, a physical model of human - weapon system with five degrees of freedom in the vertical plane was formulated. On the basis of the physical model, a mathematical model of human - weapon system was derived, which can be classified as linear, determined, variable over time, dissipative and constrained.

The article presents the calculations of Cooling Skid units used on oil rigs required by the specific provisions of the classification society American Bureau of Shipping (ABS). Stringent requirements for equipment intended for offshore drilling research relates to the strength of the environmental loads such as wind loads and strength check points in towing and lifting hooks. The article describes how the simulation calculations are carried out to meet the criteria set for by the classification society American Bureau of Shipping (ABS).

This article defines the types of incidents suffered by ships which need to transit to an appropriate place of safety in order to improve their technical condition. It presents some information concerning the passage planning of ships involved in an incident and data used to assess the risk of such transit. Annex 2 presents a set of conventions concerning passage to a place of refuge.

One of the most important aims of this paper is to identify the current idea of safety culture, and to present authors’ understanding of safety culture, how it may be comprehended and perceived, and what benefit it can bring for improving safety at sea. This article discusses the human role in this aspect, namely, who fulfils their responsibilities (work, service, duty) which are connected in a wide understanding of maritime Industry (both at sea and on land). The preliminary analysis of the concepts of safety culture, which has been carried out, points clearly to the human factor (which has a direct impact on the shape and meaning of safety culture) as one of the main links which connects multidimensional maritime safety, environmental protection and safety of life at sea.

This article presents mathematical dependence relations used for direct conversion of geodetic coordinates into UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) and inverse conversion recommended by military standards. It mainly focuses on some formulas taken from the National Geospatial- -Intelligence Agency publication NGA.SIG.0012_2.0.0_UTMUPS - March25, 2014 and additionally from IHO Manual of Hydrography published by the International Hydrographic Office. In order to illustrate application of the presented formulas the article includes some relevant calculation examples on the reference ellipsoid WGS 84 (World Geodetic System of 1984).

Autonomous underwater vehicles are vehicles that are entirely or partly independent of human decisions. In order to obtain operational independence, the vehicles have to be equipped with a specialized software that usually has many different parameters. The parameters decide about effectiveness of the software and in consequence the vehicle. The paper reports experiments performed in simulation, whose goal was to analyze the influence of selected parameters of High- -level Control System of Biomimetic Underwater Vehicle on the vehicle ability to avoid obstacles.

In this paper, there has been constructed such a model of the non-classical Bittner operational calculus, in which the derivative related to Horadam sequences is understood as a difference operation S{x(k)}: ={x(k+2) - ax(k+1) - bx(k)}.