<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Groundwater samples were evaluated for irrigation purpose, within selected part of Oju area of Benue State, Nigeria. The study area lies within Asu River Group of the Lower Benue Trough, southern part of Nigeria. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed using APHA, 2012 method. Results from the study showed that pH falls within slightly basic to acidic, with Ec value ranging from 127 to 760 μS/cm, SSP ranges from 1.53 to 43.78, Sodium Percentage ranges from 1.55 to 77.8 %, Kelly Ratio ranges from 0.01 to 0.77, Magnesium Absorption Ratio ranges from 0.00 to 61.98 and total hardness Total Hardness ranges from 72.00 to 425.5 within the study area. The above listed parameters were below various permissible standard value for irrigation except for MAR at LBT/04, Na % at LBT/09, 13 and 14, SAR at 01 and 04 and TH at LBT/04 that were slightly above various permissible standard values. From Gibbs plot it was observed that rock dominance is the major factor that influences groundwater except for few sampling point were precipitation dominance was observed to have influence on groundwater within the study area.</abstract>

Use of Modelling Approach in evaluation of Fractured Shale Aquifers for irrigation purpose; a case study of Oju, Lower Benue Trough Nigeria

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">One of the areas that have geothermal potential in Indonesia is Tiris because there are found some manifestation in the form of hot springs. Several studies are needed to determine its geothermal potential before exploitation is carried out. Some previous studies have been carried out in the area, one of which uses Landsat 7 remote sensing data. There are other studies that state that knowledge of geology is needed to implement remote sensing in determining geothermal areas. This study uses 3-years data from Landsat 8 and geological information from the regional geological map of the study area. The result show changes in the value of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) from year to year, where each year the NDVI value decrease which is interpreted as reduced vegetation in the study area. From the distribution of LST values in the study area, it was found that there were hot spots that had higher temperatures than the surrounding area. When geological information and LST distribution map overlaid with regional geological maps, it is known that the hot spots inside the research area are possible to be a geothermal reservoir.</abstract>

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science

Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science

Brawijaya Volcanology and Geothermal Research Center, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science

Spatio-Temporal Change of Land Surface Temperature at Tiris Geothermal Potential Area, East Java, Indonesia.

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Some oil samples from various Nigerian oil fields were examined for the presence of Thermochemical Sulphate Reduction (TSR) derived organo sulphur compounds. Oil samples were diluted with DCM and injected into the GC–MS for full scan analysis. The GC–MS results show the presence 2–thiaadamantane, 1–methyl-2-thiaadamanatane and 5–methyl-2-thiaadamanatane, the compounds were identified by comparison of extracted spectras with literature. The presence of these compounds in oils has been accepted on a wider horizon as indicators of reservoir souring. The plot of 5–Methyl-2-thiaadamantane/Adamantane and Dibenzothiophene/Adamanatane showed a fair correlation, corroborating the presence of 5–Methyl-2-thiaadamantane and fairly high abundance of Dibenzothiophene, the plot of 2-thiaadamantane/Adamantane and 5–Methyl-2-Thiaadamantane/Adamantane corroborating the presence of 2-thiaadamantane and 5–Methyl-2-Thiaadamantane inferring that the presence of 2-thiaadamantane and 5–Methyl-2-Thiaadamantane indicate that reservoir souring is active.</abstract>

The Presence of 2-Thiaadamantane in Niger Delta Oils may indicate Souring in Niger Delta Reservoirs

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The lower Indus basin is one of the prolific basins in Pakistan in which the C-interval of lower Goru formation act as a reservoir. With the help of petrophysical interpretation production zone is recognized and also porosity is calculated at the reservoir level. Through porosity we are able to calculate Ksat. A model based inversion of 2D seismic inversion was performed to ascertain three dimensional dispersion of acoustic impedance in the investigation zone and we have recognized new areas where porosity distribution is maximum and site which is suitable for new well. Porosity and Acoustic impedance are typically contrarily relative to each other. Presently porosity can be anticipated in seismic reservoir characterization by utilizing acoustic impedance from seismic inversion far from well position.</abstract>

Porosity Distribution and Differentiation of Different Types of Fluids in Reservoir of Sawan Gas Field, Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Geophysical well logs were used to delineate the stratigraphic units and system tracks in the XYZ Field of the Niger Delta. The gross percentages for sand levels range from 93-96% in the shallow levels to 60-66% in the deeper levels. Porosity values ranged between 27% at shallower sections and 9% at deeper depths. Six depositional sequences were identified and categorized into their associated system tracts. Porosity decreases with depth in normal compacted formation for both sandstone and shale units. Surface porosity for sandstone is 42%, and for shale it is 38.7% from extrapolation of sub-surface porosity values to the surface. The depth to the base of Benin Formation is highly variable ranging between 1300 and 2600m. This study reveals the possibility to correlate sand levels over long distances which enables inferring porosity values laterally. The knowledge of the existent stratigraphic units, the Benin, Agbada and Akata Formations and their petrophysical parameters such as porosity, lateral continuity of the sands and shales, the variation of the net-to-gross of sands with depth, enables the reservoir engineer to develop a plan for the number and location of the wells to be drilled into the reservoir, the rates of production that can be sustained for optimum recovery. The reservoir engineer can also estimate the productivity and ultimate recovery (reserves) using the results on this work.</abstract>

Delineation of Stratigraphic Units in Xyz Field of Niger Delta Using Geophysical Logs

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 4 (2020): Issue 2 (December 2020)

Volume 4 (2020): Issue 1 (June 2020)

Volume 3 (2019): Issue 2 (December 2019)

Volume 3 (2019): Issue 1 (June 2019)

Pakistan Journal of Geology

 The Indian subcontinent is well respected for its growing research activity in the geosciences, particularly in circum-Himalayan earth science. The Pakistan Journal of Geology (PJG) is a peer-reviewed journal for geologists in Pakistan. The PJG publishes scientific papers, notes, and discussions in the broadly defined fields of geoscience, ones that are related to the geology of Asia. Contributions from Europe and Middle East and Africa are also welcome given the strategic location of the Indian subcontinent as well as topical studies on any geoscience-related discipline. The production, publication, and distribution of the PJG are managed by Zibeline International Publishing. The subject matter includes geology, geophysics, physical geography and pedology. Prospective contributors should consult recent issues of the journal to see whether a planned submission is appropriate. All research articles in this journal have undergone rigorous peer review, based on an initial editorial screening and single-blind refereeing.   The Pakistan Journal of Geology (PJG) is intended for the dissemination of scientific themes of broad interest and original character related to the Geosciences of Pakistan and neighboring countries, including modern processes and new field and laboratory techniques. There are four regular and two theme-based issues per year.  The PJG publishes articles, fast communications, articles with accelerated review, letters to the Editor, editorials and review articles.  The abstracts may be written in Urdu or, preferably, in English.  Articles – the main publication model consists of up to 8,000 words, including references. Fragmented articles will not be accepted (E.g. part 1, part 2). The articles must be readable, regardless of any previous article.  Discussions – a section designated for disclosing comments on recently published articles, followed by the replies of the author(s) of the original work. Both texts must be brief, objective and concise.  Book Reviews – The reviews are published by invitation of the Editors.  Geological News – this concerns news which deserves rapid communication.   The Pakistan Journal of Geology intends to publish on:    The geology of the Indian subcontinent, Asia, Europe, Africa and Mediterranean including both onshore and offshore records.  Papers on the igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic.  Papers on the structure and properties of the Earth’s crust, tectonophysics, geophysics, economic geology (petroleum and metallic studies).  Papers on the paleontology, stratigraphy, sedimentology and palaeoenvironments of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic.  Papers on the aspects of Quaternary geology, hydrogeology, geomorphology, geohazard and climate change.  Papers on the aspects of the Geosciences that have a societal relevance including Geoheritage, Geotourism, Geoeducation, Geoconservation and Earth management.  Papers on Geoinformatics, Remote Sensing and GIS.  Papers on the history of geology in the Indian subcontinent, Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Europe.   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 