| | | | (m) | Length(m) | thickness (mm) | testing | time (d) | |
Skov and Denver (1988) | Südkai, Hamburg, Germany | alternating layers of fine, medium and coarse sand, locally with fine gravel | - | 0.762 | 33.7 | 12.7 | dynamic and static testing | 30 | 42% increase in total capacity, derived from CAPWAP analysis of initial driving and a rest riketest after 30 days |
Shioi et al. (1992) | Trans Tokyo Bay Highway, Japan | alternating layers of cohesive soil and very dense sand | 40 | 2 | 62 | 31–34 | dynamic and static testing | 50 | set-up fact or of approx. 2 on total resistance was measured |
York et al. (1994) | JFK Airport, New York, USA | medium dense, medium-fine glacial sand; ~2m thick clay and peat layer near surface | - | 0.355 and 0.2 (tapered monotube piles) | 20 | 5.3–6.1 | dynamic and static testing | 49 | increase in pile capacity of 40–75% occurred because of set-up |
Fellenius and Altaee (2002) | North Shore, Vancouver, Canada | 2 m of sand and gravel fill on top of silty sand, sandy silt and dense“till like” silt and sand | - | 0.324 and 0.457 | 16.5 | 12.5 and 9 | dynamic testng | 71 | total pile capacity approximately doubled bet ween 1 and 30 days after driving |
Bhushan (2004) | LAXT wharf, Los Angeles, USA | medium dense to very dense sands inter-layered with clay and silt layers | 1 in clayey silts, 7 t o 33 in sands | 0.91 and 1.37 | 33.5–41.5 | 16–25 | dynamic testing | 139 | a set-up of 1.2 t o 1.5 for periods of 1 to 10 days and 1.6 to 2 for periods from 14 to 139 days |
Kolk et al. (2005) | Eemshaven, Net herlands (EURIPIDES JIP) | silty to very silty, medium to very dense, fine to medium sands | 40 to 80 | 0.76 | up to 47 m | 36–42 | dynamic (during driving) and static testing | 533 | total capacity increase of at least 1.5 after 533 days, compared to capacity after 6 days |
Jardine et al. (2006) and Chow et al. (1998) | Dunkirk test piles, France | dense to very dense marine sand | 10 to 20 | 0.324 and 0.457 | Nov 22 | 13–20 | static and dynamic | 1991 | 100% increase in shaft capacity 8 months after driving. 85% increase between 6 months and 5 years. |
Rücker et al. (2012) | BAM Horstwalde test site, Germany | sand | 16 | 0.711 | 18 | - | dynamic testing | 30 | between 11 – 14% gain in capacity after 10 – 30 days |
Kirsch and von Bargen (2012) | Nordsee Ost offshore wind farm, North Sea | Predominantly dense sand, (silty) sand with thin clay layers above 26m | - | 2.438 | 35 | - | dynamic testing | 31 | reported set-up fact or of 1.5 after 31 days of ageing |
Gavin et al. (2013) | Blessingt on, Ireland | very dense, glacially deposited fine sand | 10 t o 20 | 0.34 | 7 | 14 | Static tension test | 220 | pile capacity increased by 185% ov er 220 days |
Reddy and Stuedlein (2014) | Puget Sound Lowlands | Silt, Till | - | 0.360.91 | 8.748.8 | | dynamic testing | 0.2313 | reported set-up factor of 1.0 to 4.0 |