Phenotypic characteristics of black apricot Prunus × dasycarpa cultivar ‘Shlor-Tsiran’ in Armenia
, , , , oraz | 25 lip 2024
O artykule
Article Category: Original Article
Data publikacji: 25 lip 2024
Zakres stron: -
Otrzymano: 11 mar 2024
Przyjęty: 01 lip 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0018
Słowa kluczowe
© 2024 Janna Akopian et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
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Figure 3.
Phenotypic characteristics of ‘Shlor-Tsiran’.
| Growth characteristics of black apricot cv. ‘Shlor-Tsiran’ 10-year-old trees | |
|---|---|
| Crown shape | Cup shaped |
| Tree average height | 2.5 m |
| Degree of branching | Strong |
| Length of shoots/average of 10 | 40 cm |
| Number of shoots | 150 |
| Number of skeletal branches | 5 |
| Number of leaves/shoot | 15 |
| Leaf surface area | 26 cm2 |
| Leaf length | 6 cm |
| Leaf width | 3 cm |
| Ratio of leaf length to width | 2.7 |
| Leaf green colour intensity | Middle |
| The shape of the leaf base | Rounded |
| The shape of the leaf apex | Suddenly shortly acuminate |
| Leaf apex length | 7 mm |
| Leaf blade: profile in cross section. Edge cut | Moderately concave |
| Leaf blade: undulation of margin edge roughness | Week |
| Petiole length | 2.75 cm |
| Leaf-to-petiole length ratio | Large |
| Petiole thickness | Thin |
| Number of glands | 1–3 |
| Average weight of 10 leaves | 5.71 g |
| Date of beginning of swelling of vegetative buds and separation of scales | 20 April |
| Date of beginning of vegetative shoots emergence (1–5 cm) | 25 April |
| Period of vigorous vegetative growth | 5 May–10 June |
| Period of organisation of apical buds | 01 June–20 June |
| Leaf fall (start/mass leaf fall/end) | 10 October/20 October/29 October |
| Vegetation duration (days) | 225 |
| Date of buds swelling | 14 March |
| Date of buds opening | 18 March |
| Flowering (start/mass flowering/ end) | 25 March/04 April/11 April |
| Date of beginning of fruit formation | 25 May |
| Date of beginning of fruit ripening | 24 June |
| Size | Medium |
| Shape in ventral view | Ovate |
| Form of the fruit shape in lateral view | Oblong |
| Height | 42.0 mm |
| Ventral width | Medium |
| Lateral width | Medium |
| Ratio of lateral width/ventral width | 5.0 |
| Ratio of height/ventral width | Medium |
| Fruit: symmetry in ventral view | Clearly asymmetric |
| Fruit: suture | Slightly sunken |
| Fruit: depth of stalk cavity | Medium |
| Shape of the apex | Flat |
| Fruit: shape of tip (except mucron) | Weakly depressed |
| Fruit: surface | Smooth |
| Fruit: pubescence | Present |
| Fruit: hue of over colour | Red |
| Fruit: relative area of colour | Large |
| Fruit: pattern of over colour | Solid flush |
| Fruit: intensity of over colour | Medium |
| Fruit: colour of flesh | Medium orange |
| Start of fruit ripening | Middle term ripening |
| Glow of the skin | No shining |
| Fruit: texture of flesh | Fibrous |
| Adherence of stone to flesh | Absent or very weak |
| Kernel: shape in lateral view | Ovate |
| Kernel: bitterness | Medium |
| Average fruit weight | 40 g |
| Average fruit weight with stone | 92.9/30.97 g |
| Average weight of kernels | 5.01/1.67 g |
| Average weight of fruit without seed | 293 g |
| Average content of zoles in fruit | 0.5 g |
| Volume of juice | 3 mL |
Comparative characteristics of Prunus armeniaca, P. cerasifera and Prunus × dasycarpa cv. ‘Shlor-Tsiran’.
| Character | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Leaf size (cm) | 6–12 × 5–11 | (2)3–6 × (1)2–4 | (6)6.5 × (4)4.5 |
| Leaf shape | Ovate-rounded or broadly ovate, almost cordate at base | Oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, cuneate to sub-rounded at base | Ovate to elliptic-ovate, broadly cuneate to rounded at base |
| Leaf apex | Suddenly shortly acuminate | Acute | Suddenly shortly acuminate |
| Leaf margin | Finely crenate or obtusely serrate | Finely serrated or finely blunt-serrated, rarely twice serrated | Irregularly densely finely crenate |
| Leaf surface | Adaxially glabrous green, abaxially matte, rarely slightly pubescent in the vein axils | Adaxially dark green, glabrous, abaxially pale green, pubescent on mid-vein | Adaxially dark green, glabrous, abaxially pubescent along veins |
| Petioles length (cm) | 3–3.5 | 0.6–1.2 (2.3) | 2.5–2.8 |
| Flowers number | Usually solitary, rarely by 2 | Solitary or by 2–4 | Usually solitary |
| Sepal length (mm) | 4–6 | 2–4 | 3.5–4.0 |
| Sepals shape | Ovate to ovate oblong, acute to obtuse, glandular along the margin | Ovate, oblong-ovate, obtuse, glandular along the margin | Elliptic, obtuse, glandular along the margin |
| Flower peduncle length (mm) | Nearly absent to very short (1–3) | (4) 10–16 (22) | 7–12 |
| Flower colour | White or pale rose, with pink veins or pink in bud | White, sometimes pinkish at the end of flowering | White or pale rose |
| Corolla diameter (mm) | 25–45 | 20–25 | 15–20 |
| Hypanthium length | 4–6 | 2–4 | 6 |
| Petals shape | Elliptic or obovate, broadly elliptic | Ovate, spatulate, wavy along the edge | Elliptic or obovate |
| Petals size (mm) | 8–12 × 6–7 | 7–15 × 5–10 | 8–9 × 6 |
| Number of stamens | 27–36 | 20–30 | 25–27(35) |
| Stamen length | 6–10 | 3–6 | 5–6 |
| Style length | 11–15 | 6–7 | 10–12 |
| Fruit colour | Orange, often tinged with red | Yellow, rose, red, dark violet or blackish violet | Dark violet or blackish violet |
| Fruit shape | Oval or sub-globose | Globose or sub-globose | Globose, slightly compressed from the sides |
| Fruit surface | Velvety pubescent or glabrous | Glabrous | Velvety pubescent |
| Fruit stalk length (mm) | Almost absent or 1–2.5 | Up to 22 | Up to 12 |
| Stone shape | Ellipsoid to sub-globose, flattened, smooth, separated from the pulp | Ovoid or ellipsoidal-ovoid, wrinkled or smooth, usually not separated from the pulp | Ovoid, pitted, some wrinkled, not separated from the pulp |
Justification of the economic efficiency of the black apricot cv. ‘Shlor-Tsiran’ in about 10-year-old trees with an average data of 3 years/SD = 63.88.
| Yield per tree | 20 kg/tree |
| Yield per hectare | 13.3 trees · ha−1 |
| Production cost | 225 AMD = 0.5829 $ · kg−1 |
| Fruit market value | 400 AMD = 1.0363 $ · kg−1 |
| Income | 5320.000 AMD · ha−1 = 13.7831 $ · ha−1 |
| Profit | 2320.000 AMD · ha−1 = 6.0107 $ · ha−1 |
| Profitability level | 77.3% |
Fruit characteristics for the description of apricot Prunus armeniaca L. cultivars by UPOV (2016).
| No. | Character | Unit | Min | Max | Mean |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Fruit size | code | 3 | 9 | 6.31 |
| 2. | Shape from the belly | code | 1 | 6 | 2.48 |
| 3. | Shape from the back | code | 2 | 5 | 3.02 |
| 4. | Height | mm | 31.11 | 49.72 | 39.61 |
| 5. | Width at the belly | code | 3 | 5 | 3.55 |
| 6. | Width at the back | code | 3 | 3 | 3.36 |
| 7. | Back width and fruit height ratio | code | 5 | 7 | 5.57 |
| 8. | Belly and back width ratio | code | 5 | 7 | 5.28 |
| 9. | Symmetry at the back | code | 1 | 3 | 2.46 |
| 10. | Abdominal length | code | 1 | 4 | 2.47 |
| 11. | Depth of the funnel | code | 3 | 7 | 5.17 |
| 12. | Apex shape | code | 1 | 3 | 1.36 |
| 13. | Presence of apex | code | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 14. | Planeness of the skin | code | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 15. | Softness of the skin | code | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| 16. | Shine of the skin | code | 1 | 3 | 2.3 |
| 17. | Colour of the skin | code | 1 | 3 | 1.88 |
| 18. | Prevalence of subcutaneous points | code | 1 | 5 | 2.58 |
| 19. | Colour of subcutaneous spots | code | 1 | 4 | 3.03 |
| 20. | Degree of colour intensity of subcutaneous points | code | 3 | 5 | 4.6 |
| 21. | Colour of the fruit flesh | code | 1 | 6 | 3.4 |
| 22. | Structure of the fruit flesh | code | 1 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 23. | Degree of separation of the kernel from the pulp | code | 1 | 3 | 1.36 |
| 24. | Shape of the cornice is from the belly | code | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 25. | Presence of bitterness of the kernel | code | 1 | 1 | 1.05 |
| 26. | Beginning of fruit ripening | code | 1 | 9 | 4.85 |
| 27. | Fruit weight | g | 14.19 | 50.92 | 30.57 |
| 28. | Kernel weight | g | 1.01 | 3.36 | 1.9 |
| 29. | Kernel volume | mm3 | 1.50 | 4.20 | 2.58 |
| 30. | Fruit volume | mm3 | 13.50 | 52.10 | 32.59 |
| 31. | Ratio of kernel to fruit weight | (%) | 4.22 | 12.05 | 6.46 |
Leaf characteristics for the description of apricot Prunus armeniaca L. cultivars by UPOV (2016).
| No. | Character | Unit | Min | Max | Mean |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Leaf length | cm | 6.17 | 8.92 | 7.46 |
| 2. | Leaf width | cm | 3.52 | 7.9 | 6.35 |
| 3. | Ratio of leaf length to width | code | 3 | 7 | 3.68 |
| 4. | Shape of the leaf base | code | 2 | 4 | 3.08 |
| 5. | Green colour intensity of the leaf surface | code | 3 | 7 | 5.75 |
| 6. | Leaf apex angle | code | 1 | 3 | 2.39 |
| 7. | Leaf apex length | mm | 1.66 | 7 | 4.25 |
| 8. | Cut edge of leaves | code | 2 | 4 | 3.19 |
| 9. | Unevenness of the leaf edge | code | 3 | 5 | 4.26 |
| 10. | Petiole length | cm | 2.5 | 5.17 | 3.73 |
| 11. | Leaf-to-petiole length ratio | code | 5 | 7 | 5.73 |
| 12. | Petiole thickness | mm | 3 | 7 | 5 |
| 13. | Number of glands in the petiole | number | 1 | 2 | 1.25 |
| 14. | Average weight of 10 leaves | g | 4.31 | 12.65 | 7.66 |
Phytochemical analysis of black apricot cv. ‘Shlor-Tsiran’.
| Tartaric acid (mg · mL−1) | 0.001 |
| Malic acid (mg · mL−1) | 0.01 |
| Citric acid (mg · mL−1) | 0.011 |
| Succinic acid (mg · mL−1) | 0.005 |
| Oxalic acid (mg · mL−1) | not detected |
| Fructose (% w/v) | 1.935 |
| Glucose (% w/v) | 3.368 |
| Sucrose (% w/v) | not detected |
| Vitamin C (% w/v) | 0.0182 |
| Antioxidant activity corresponding to the concentration of biologically active substances with reductive potential in relation to quercetin (mg/g) | 4.615 |
Prunus × dasycarpa cv. ‘Shlor-Tsiran’, Prunus armeniaca and P. ceratifera pollen size, fertility and viability parameters.
| Pollen parameters | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Size (μm) | 42.5 ± 1.1 | 50.4 ± 0.61 | 45.3 ± 0.93 |
| Fertile (%) | 38.0 ± 0.79 | 92.9 ± 0.79 | 92.9 ± 0.39 |
| Sterile (%) | 58.9 ± 1.17 | 6.2 ± 0.43 | 4.5 ± 0.26 |
| Semi-sterile (%) | 3.9 ± 0.69 | 0.9 ± 0.15 | 2.7 ± 0.24 |
| Viability (%) | 3.4 ± 0.55 | 80.5 ± 0.5 | 86.5 ± 8.5 |