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Cotinine as an indicator of fetal exposure to active and passive smoking in pregnant women

Marta Dulęba
Marta Dulęba
 oraz 
Barbara Kozakiewicz
Barbara Kozakiewicz
   | 09 sie 2022
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Article Category: Original Study
Data publikacji: 09 sie 2022
Zakres stron: 358 - 368
Otrzymano: 03 wrz 2021
Przyjęty: 07 gru 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0037
Słowa kluczowe
© 2022 Marta Dulęba et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Place of exposure of pregnant women to tobacco smoke

Smoking during pregnancy
No Yes
Workplace No N 71 20 p = 0.235
% 86.60% 76.90%
Yes N 11 6
% 13.40% 23.10%
Parents’ home No N 70 11 χ2(1) = 19.52p < 0.001V = 0.43
% 85.40% 42.30%
Yes N 12 15
% 14.60% 57.70%
At friends No N 69 16 χ2(1) = 6.02p = 0.014V = 0.24
% 84.10% 61.50%
Yes N 13 10
% 15.90% 38.50%
Other No N 72 25 p = 0.291
% 87.80% 96.20%
Yes N 10 1
% 12.20% 3.80%

Demographic characteristics of the study group of 123 pregnant women

Age Residence Education
18–30 31–38 Rural areas City Vocational Secondary Higher
109 14 45 78 33 50 40
89% 11% 36% 64% 27% 41% 32%

Cigarette smoking by pregnant women and their passive exposure to smoke, in relation to cotinine blood levels

Cotinine level
Higher in cord blood Higher in mother's blood Same (75 pg/ml)
Smoking during pregnancy No N 8 5 16
% 34.80% 21.70% 61.50%
Yes N 15 18 10
% 65.20%* 78.30% 38.50%
χ2(2) = 6.83; p = 0.033; V = 0.31
Exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy No N 8 12 20
% 34.80% 50.00% 76.90%
Yes N 15 12 6
% 65.20%* 50.00% 23.10%
χ2(2) = 9.08; p = 0.011; V=0.35

Cotinine levels in the blood of smoking and non-smoking mothers and in the cord blood of their children

Smoking while pregnant
No (n = 97) Yes (n = 26)
M SD M SD U Z p r
Cotinine - mother's blood [ng/mL] 3.41 16.20 51.42 53.82 174.0 −6.35 ≤0.001 0.62
Cotinine - cord blood [ng/mL] 2.72 12.10 48.70 54.66 187.0 −6.28 ≤0.001 0.61

Frequency of smoking by parents of the survey subjects

Smoking parents in a group of 97 pregnant non-smokers Smoking parents among 26 pregnant smokers Total - 123
N % N % N %
Father 35 36 5 19 40 33
Mother 8 8 5 19 13 10
Both parents 29 30 8 31 37 30

Frequency of smoking by people in the immediate environment of pregnant women, including smoking by pregnant women

Smoking during pregnancy
No Yes
Husband who is a smoker No N 66 8 χ2(1) = 22.62p < 0.001V = 0.46
% 80.50% 30.80%
Yes N 16 18
% 19.50% 69.20%
Parents who are smokers No N 56 11 χ2(1) = 5.66p = 0.017V = 0.23
% 68.30% 42.30%
Yes N 26 15
% 31.70% 57.70%
Grandparents who are smokers No N 77 23 p = 0.396
% 93.90% 88.50%
Yes N 5 3
% 6.10% 11.50%
Friends who are smokers No N 55 12 χ2(1) = 3.67p = 0.055V = 0.18

Cotinine levels in the blood of the mother and the umbilical cord blood of the newborn depending on the smoking of tobacco by family members and friends of the respondents

Husband who is a smoker No (n = 48) Yes (n = 56)
M SD M SD U Z p r
Cotinine - mother's blood [ng/mL] 6.65 19.16 32.77 53.39 614.0 −4.10 ≤0.001 0.40
Cotinine - cord blood [ng/mL] 6.90 19.08 28.71 51.87 599.5 −4.22 ≤0.001 0.41
Grandparents who are smokers No (n = 96) Yes (n = 8)
M SD M SD U Z p r
Cotinine - mother's blood [ng/mL] 14.42 36.08 27.73 42.71 266.0 −1.44 0.149 0.14
Cotinine - cord blood [ng/mL] 13.10 34.06 27.91 47.02 253.0 −1.61 0.107 0.16
Friends who are smokers No (n = 45) Yes (n = 27)
M SD M SD U Z p r
Cotinine - mother's blood [ng/mL] 16.14 40.64 14.36 29.68 984.5 −2.05 0.041 0.20
Cotinine - cord blood [ng/mL] 14.92 39.18 13.20 28.30 972.5 −2.14 0.032 0.21
eISSN:
1732-2693
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
Volume Open
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, Medicine, Basic Medical Science, Immunology
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