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Evaluation of antitumoral effect of mistletoe fruit extract on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells with muse cell analyzer and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region staining method

Şükrü Ateş
Şükrü Ateş
, 
Harun Ülger
Harun Ülger
, 
Seher Yilmaz
Seher Yilmaz
, 
Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
, 
Özge Al
Özge Al
, 
Sümeyye Uçar
Sümeyye Uçar
, 
Mustafa Taştan
Mustafa Taştan
, 
Adem Tokpinar
Adem Tokpinar
, 
Şerife Alpa
Şerife Alpa
 oraz 
Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
   | 11 lip 2022
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Article Category: Original Study
Data publikacji: 11 lip 2022
Zakres stron: 209 - 219
Otrzymano: 05 mar 2021
Przyjęty: 04 sty 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0014
Słowa kluczowe
© 2022 Şükrü Ateş et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Experimental processes in this study
Experimental processes in this study

Fig. 2

The raw graphics taken from the Muse® Cell Analyzer. A: Muse® Annexin V and Dead Cell Assay, B: Muse® Cell Cycle Assay, C: Muse® Mitopotential Assay
The raw graphics taken from the Muse® Cell Analyzer. A: Muse® Annexin V and Dead Cell Assay, B: Muse® Cell Cycle Assay, C: Muse® Mitopotential Assay

Fig. 3

Data of the annexin V & dead cell assay at the end of 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (standard error of mean). There is no statistically significant difference between the groups containing the same letter (p> 0.05). A: Live cell count (%), B: Early apoptotic cell count (%), C: Late apoptotic cell count (%), D: Total apoptotic cell count (%). 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/ml: Mistletoe groups
Data of the annexin V & dead cell assay at the end of 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (standard error of mean). There is no statistically significant difference between the groups containing the same letter (p> 0.05). A: Live cell count (%), B: Early apoptotic cell count (%), C: Late apoptotic cell count (%), D: Total apoptotic cell count (%). 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/ml: Mistletoe groups

Fig. 4

Data of the cell cycle assay at the end of 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation. p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. There is no statistically significant difference between groups containing the same letter (p> 0.05). A: Cell cycle distribution-G0 / G1 stage (%), B: Cell cycle distribution-S stage (%), C: Cell cycle distribution-G2 / M stage (%). 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/ml: Mistletoe groups
Data of the cell cycle assay at the end of 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation. p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. There is no statistically significant difference between groups containing the same letter (p> 0.05). A: Cell cycle distribution-G0 / G1 stage (%), B: Cell cycle distribution-S stage (%), C: Cell cycle distribution-G2 / M stage (%). 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/ml: Mistletoe groups

Fig. 5

Data of the mitopotential assay at the end of 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation. p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. There is no statistically significant difference between the groups containing the same letter (p> 0.05). A: Live depolarized cell count (%), B: Dead depolarized cell count (%), C: Total depolarized cell count (%). 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/ml: Mistletoe groups
Data of the mitopotential assay at the end of 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation. p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. There is no statistically significant difference between the groups containing the same letter (p> 0.05). A: Live depolarized cell count (%), B: Dead depolarized cell count (%), C: Total depolarized cell count (%). 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/ml: Mistletoe groups

Fig. 6

Image examples of the AgNOR staining cells. A. Control group, B. 5-FU group, C. 100 μg / ml mistletoe group, D. 200 μg/ml mistletoe group, E. 400 μg / ml mistletoe group, F. 800 μg/ml mistletoe group
Image examples of the AgNOR staining cells. A. Control group, B. 5-FU group, C. 100 μg / ml mistletoe group, D. 200 μg/ml mistletoe group, E. 400 μg / ml mistletoe group, F. 800 μg/ml mistletoe group

Mean AgNOR number after 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation

Hours/Groups Control 5-FU 100 μg/ml 200 μg/ml 400 μg/ml 800 μg/ml p
24 hours 3.54±1.26a 2.82±1.06b 2.98±1.16ab 1.74±0.77c 1.74±1.00c 1.80±1.19c <0.001
48 hours 3.68±1.55a 3.16±1.07a 2.40±0.78b 2.12±1.25b 1.96±0.75b 1.28±0.53c <0.001
72 hours 1.52±0.64a 2.20±1.08bc 2.26±1.24c 2.20±1.01bc 1.68±0.76ab 1.74±0.85abc <0.001

Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of mistletoe fruit

Total phenol (mgGAE/gextract) Total flavonoid (mgCAE/gextract)
Mistletoe fruit 6.24±2.26 4.82±1.36

TAA / NA value at the end of 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation

Hours/Groups Control 5-FU 100 μg/ml 200 μg/ml 400 μg/ml 800 μg/ml p
24 hours 0.11±0.04ab 0.14±0.04b 0.10±0.03ac 0.13±0.06ab 0.08±0.04c 0.10±0.05ac <0.001
48 hours 0.27±0.15a 0.23±0.05a 0.17±0.08b 0.13±0.12bc 0.09±0.05c 0.09±0.07c <0.001
72 hours 0.10±0.04ac 0.12±0.04ab 0.13±0.05b 0.10±0.06ac 0.08±0.04c 0.11±0.04bc <0.001
eISSN:
1732-2693
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
Volume Open
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, Medicine, Basic Medical Science, Immunology
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