[
1. Bucala R, Vlassara H: Advanced glycosylation end products in diabetic renal and vascular disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1995, 26(6):875-888.10.1016/0272-6386(95)90051-9
]Search in Google Scholar
[
2. Wang J, Wang H: Oxidative stress in pancreatic beta cell regeneration. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017, 2017:1930261.10.1155/2017/1930261556009628845211
]Search in Google Scholar
[
3. International Diabetes Federation: IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation 2019. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
]Search in Google Scholar
[
4. Bai XC, Lu D, Bai J, Zheng H, Ke ZY, Li XM, Luo SQ: Oxidative stress inhibits osteoblastic differentiation of bone cells by ERK and NF-κB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004, 314:197–207.10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.07314715266
]Search in Google Scholar
[
5. King GL, Loeken MR: Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in diabetic complications. Histochem Cell Biol 2004. 22:333–338.10.1007/s00418-004-0678-915257460
]Search in Google Scholar
[
6. Alikhani M, Alikhani Z, Boyd C, MacLellan CM, Raptis M, Liu R, Pischon N, Trackman PC, Gerstenfeld L, Graves DT: Advanced glycation end products stimulate osteoblast apoptosis via the MAP kinase and cytosolic apoptotic pathways. Bone 2007, 40:345–353.10.1016/j.bone.2006.09.011191320817064973
]Search in Google Scholar
[
7. Hamada Y, Kitazawa S, Kitazawa R, Fujii H, Kasuga M, Fukagawa M: Histomorphometric analysis of diabetic osteopenia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice: A possible role of oxidative stress. Bone 2007, 40:1408–1414.10.1016/j.bone.2006.12.05717251074
]Search in Google Scholar
[
8. Sanguineti R, Storace D, Monacelli F, Federici A, Odetti P: Pentosidine effects on human osteoblasts in vitro, in: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Blackwell Publishing Inc 2008, 1126(1):166–172.10.1196/annals.1433.04418448811
]Search in Google Scholar
[
9. Abbassy MA, Watari I, Soma K: The effect of diabetes mellitus on rat mandibular bone formation and microarchitecture. Eur J Oral Sci 2010, 118:364–369.10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00739.x20662909
]Search in Google Scholar
[
10. Zhen D, Chen Y, Tang X: Metformin reverses the deleterious effects of high glucose on osteoblast function. J Diabetes Complications 2010, 24:334–344.10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2009.05.00219628413
]Search in Google Scholar
[
11. Okazaki K, Yamaguchi T, Tanaka KI, Notsu M, Ogawa N, Yano S, Sugimoto T: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), but not high glucose, inhibit the osteoblastic differentiation of mouse stromal ST2 cells through the suppression of osterix expression, and inhibit cell growth and increasing cell apoptosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2012, 91:286–296.10.1007/s00223-012-9641-222903508
]Search in Google Scholar
[
12. Zheng W, Wang S, Wang J, Jin F: Periodontitis promotes the proliferation and suppresses the differentiation potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2015, 36:915–922.10.3892/ijmm.2015.2314456409026310866
]Search in Google Scholar
[
13. Lebovitz HE:Diagnosis, classification, and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. J Clin Psychiatry 2001, 62:5–9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
14. Inzerillo AM, Epstein S:. Osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2004, 5:261–268.10.1023/B:REMD.0000032415.83124.20
]Search in Google Scholar
[
15. Duarte, V.M.G., Ramos, A.M.O., Rezende, L.A., Macedo, U.B.O., Brandão-Neto, J., Almeida, M.G., Rezende, A.A., 2005. Osteopenia: A bone disorder associated with diabetes mellitus. J Bone Miner Metab 23, 58–68.10.1007/s00774-004-0542-y15616896
]Search in Google Scholar
[
16. Silva MJ, Brodt MD, Lynch MA, McKenzie JA, Tanouye KM, Nyman JS, Wang X: Type 1 diabetes in young rats leads to progressive trabecular bone loss, cessation of cortical bone growth, and diminished whole bone strength and fatigue life. J Bone Miner Res 2009, 24:1618–1627.10.1359/jbmr.090316273093119338453
]Search in Google Scholar
[
17. Herskind AM, Christensen K, Nørgaard-Andersen K, Andersen JF: Diabetes mellitus and healing of closed fractures. Diab Metab 1992, 18:63–64.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
18. Forsén L, Meyer HE, Midthjell K, Edna TH: Diabetes mellitus and the incidence of hip fracture: Results from the Nord-Trondelag health survey. Diabetologia 1999, 42:920–925.10.1007/s00125005124810491750
]Search in Google Scholar
[
19. Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L: Diabetes and its complications and their relationship with risk of fractures in type 1 and 2 diabetes. Calcif Tissue Int 2009, 84:45–55.10.1007/s00223-008-9195-519067021
]Search in Google Scholar
[
20. Vestergaard P: Discrepancies in bone mineral density and fracture risk in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes - A meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2007, 18:427–444.10.1007/s00198-006-0253-417068657
]Search in Google Scholar
[
21. Hampson G, Evans C, Petitt RJ, Evans WD, Woodhead SJ, Peters JR, Ralston SH: Bone mineral density, collagen type 1 α 1 genotypes and bone turnover in premenopausal women with diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1998, 41:1314–1320.10.1007/s0012500510719833939
]Search in Google Scholar
[
22. López-Ibarra P-J, Pastor MMC, Escobar-Jiménez F, Pardo MDS, González AG, Luna JDD, González AG, Requena MER, Diosdado MA:. Bone mineral density at time of clinical diagnosis of adult-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract 2001,. 7:346–351.10.4158/EP.7.5.34611585369
]Search in Google Scholar
[
23. Mastrandrea LD, Wactawski-Wende J, Donahue RP, Hovey KM, Clark A, Quattrin T: Young women with type 1 diabetes have lower bone mineral density that persists over time. Diabetes Care 2008, 31:1729–1735.10.2337/dc07-2426251833318591404
]Search in Google Scholar
[
24. Kristin K, Nicodemus BA, Aaron R, Folsom MD: Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and Incident Hip Fractures in Postmenopausal Women. Epidemiology 2001, 24:1192–1197.10.2337/diacare.24.7.119211423501
]Search in Google Scholar
[
25. Lim DW, Kim YT: Anti-osteoporotic effects of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels extract on ovariectomized rats and its oral toxicity in rats. Nutrients 2014, 6(10): 4362–4372.10.3390/nu6104362421092225325255
]Search in Google Scholar
[
26. Parasuraman S, Thing GS, Dhanaraj SA: Polyherbal formulation: Concept of ayurveda. Pharmacogn Rev 2014, 8(16):73-80.10.4103/0973-7847.134229412782425125878
]Search in Google Scholar
[
27. Han X, Yang Y, Metwaly AM, Xue Y, Shi Y, Dou D: The Chinese herbal formulae (Yitangkang) exerts an antidiabetic effect through the regulation of substance metabolism and energy metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2019, 239:111942.10.1016/j.jep.2019.11194231075380
]Search in Google Scholar
[
28. Künzle J: Herbs and weeds: A practical booklet on medicinal herbs Switzerland 1911.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
29. Madić V, Stojanović-Radić Z, Jušković M, Jugović D, Žabar-Popović A, Vasiljević P:. Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of herbal mixture and five medicinal plants used in ethnopharmacology. South African J Bot 2019, 125:290–297.10.1016/j.sajb.2019.07.043
]Search in Google Scholar
[
30. Madić V, Petrović A, Jušković M, Jugović D, Djordjević Lj, Stojanović G, Vasiljević P: Polyherbal mixture ameliorates hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and histopathological changes of pancreas, kidney and liver in a rat model of type 1 diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2021, 265:113210.10.1016/j.jep.2020.11321032795501
]Search in Google Scholar
[
31. Liang W, Luo Z, Ge S, Li M, Du J, Yang M, Yan M, Ye Z, Luo Z: Oral administration of quercetin inhibits bone loss in rat model of diabetic osteopenia. Eur J Pharmacol 2011, 670:317–324.10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.01421914440
]Search in Google Scholar
[
32. Abu Ayana MA, Elmasry NA, Shehata FI, Khalil NM: Efficiacy of quercetin on alveolar bone structure of rats with induced diabetes. Alexandria Dent J 2017, 42:141–146.10.21608/adjalexu.2017.57917
]Search in Google Scholar
[
33. Banda M, Nyirenda J, Muzandu K, Sijumbila G, Mudenda S: Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Lannea edulis in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018, 9-1099.10.3389/fphar.2018.01099617236030323764
]Search in Google Scholar
[
34. Ay B, Parolia K, Liddell RS, Qiu Y, Grasselli G, Cooper DML, Davis JE: Hyperglycemia compromises Rat Cortical Bone by Increasing Osteocyte Lacunar Density and Decreasing Vascular Canal Volume. Commun Biol 2020, 3:20.10.1038/s42003-019-0747-1695240631925331
]Search in Google Scholar
[
35. Mullender MG, Van Der Meer DD, Huiskes R, Lips P: Osteocyte density changes in aging and osteoporosis. Bone 1996, 18:109–113.10.1016/8756-3282(95)00444-0
]Search in Google Scholar
[
36. Leite Duarte ME, da Silva RD: Histomorphometric analysis of the bone tissue in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (DMNID). Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med 1996, 51:7–11.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
37. Vashishth D, Gibson G, Kimura J, Schaffler MB, Fyhrie DP: Determination of bone volume by osteocyte population. Anat. Rec 2002, 267:292–295.10.1002/ar.10114
]Search in Google Scholar
[
38. He Y, Mu C, Shen X, Yuan Z, Liu J, Chen W, Lin C, Tao B, Liu B, Cai K:Peptide LL-37 coating on micro-structured titanium implants to facilitate bone formation in vivo via mesenchymal stem cell recruitment. Acta Biomater 2018, 80:412-424.10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.036
]Search in Google Scholar
[
39. Tuukkanen J, Koivukangas A, Jämsä T, Sundquist K, MacKay CA, Marks SC: Mineral Density and Bone Strength Are Dissociated in Long Bones of Rat Osteopetrotic Mutations. J Bone Miner Res 2000, 15:1905–1911.10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.10.1905
]Search in Google Scholar
[
40. Chauhan S, Sharma A, Upadhyay NK, Singh G, Lal UR, Goyal R: In-vitro osteoblast proliferation and in-vivo anti-osteoporotic activity of Bombax ceiba with quantification of Lupeol, gallic acid and β-sitosterol by HPTLC and HPLC. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018:18.10.1186/s12906-018-2299-1
]Search in Google Scholar
[
41. Domazetovic V, Marcucci G, Pierucci F, Bruno G, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Brandi ML, Iantomasi T, Meacci E, Vincenzini MT: Blueberry juice protects osteocytes and bone precursor cells against oxidative stress partly through SIRT1. FEBS Open Bio 2019, 9:1082–1096.10.1002/2211-5463.12634
]Search in Google Scholar
[
42. Zeiger E: Illusions of safety: antimutagens can be mutagens, and anticarcinogens can be carcinogens. Mutat Res / Reviews in Mutat Res 2003, 543:191–194.10.1016/S1383-5742(02)00111-4
]Search in Google Scholar
[
43. Mody N, Parhami F, Sarafian TA, Demer LL: Oxidative stress modulates osteoblastic differentiation of vascular and bone cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2001, 31:509–519.10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00610-4
]Search in Google Scholar
[
44. El-Tantawy WH, Al Haleem ENA: Therapeutic effects of stem cell on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress in alloxan-treated rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2014, 391:193-200.10.1007/s11010-014-2002-x24604673
]Search in Google Scholar
[
45. Fowlkes JL, Bunn RC, Thrailkill KM. Contributions of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis to diabetic osteopathy. J Diabetes Metab. 2011, 1(3):S1-003.10.4172/2155-6156.S1-003359308723484069
]Search in Google Scholar
[
46. Tsentidis C, Gourgiotis D, Kossiva L, et al. Higher levels of s- RANKL and osteoprotegerin in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus may indicate increased osteoclast signaling and predisposition to lower bone mass: a multivariate cross-sectional analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2016; 27:1631-1643.10.1007/s00198-015-3422-526588909
]Search in Google Scholar
[
47. Shah VN, Harrall KK, Shah CS, et al. Bone mineral density at femoral neck and lumbar spine in adults with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis and review of the literature. Osteoporos Int. 2017, 28:2601-2610.10.1007/s00198-017-4097-x28580510
]Search in Google Scholar
[
48. Yano H, Ohya K, Amagasa T: Effects of Insulin on in vitro bone formation in fetal rat parietal bone. Endocr J. 1994, 41:293-300.10.1507/endocrj.41.2937951582
]Search in Google Scholar
[
49. Cortizo AM, Sedlinsky C, McCarthy D, Blanco A, Schurman L: Osteogenic actions of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on osteoblasts in culture. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006, 536:38-4610.1016/j.ejphar.2006.02.03016564524
]Search in Google Scholar
[
50. Mai QG, Zhang ZM, Xu S, et al. Metformin stimulates osteoprotegerin and reduces RANKL expression in osteoblasts and ovariectomized rats. J Cell Biochem. 2011, 112:2902-2909.10.1002/jcb.2320621618594
]Search in Google Scholar
[
51. Gao Y, Li Y, Xue J, Jia Y, Hu J: Effect of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on bone mass in ovariectomized rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010, 635:231-263.10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.02.05120307532
]Search in Google Scholar
[
52. Behera HN, Patnaik BK: Recovery from alloxan diabetes as revealed by collagen characteristics of bone, skin and tendon of Swiss Mice. Gerontology 1981, 27:32-36.10.1159/0002124467215817
]Search in Google Scholar
[
53. Villarino ME, Sánchez LM, Bozal CB, Ubios AM: Influence of short-term diabetes on osteocytic lacunae of alveolar bone. A histomorphometric study. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2006, 19:23–28.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
54. Molinuevo MS, Schurman L, McCarthy AD, Cortizo AM, Tolosa MJ, Gangoiti MV, Arnol V, Sedlinsky C: Effect of metformin on bone marrow progenitor cell differentiation: in vivo and in vitro studies. J J Bone Miner Res 2010, 25: 211-221.10.1359/jbmr.09073219594306
]Search in Google Scholar
[
55. Spanheimer RG, Umpierrez GE, Stumpf V: Decreased collagen production in diabetic rats. Diabetes 1988, 37:371–376.10.2337/diab.37.4.3713378683
]Search in Google Scholar
[
56. Pulido R, Bravo L, Saura-Calixto F: Antioxidant activity of dietary polyphenols as determined by a modified ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay. J Agric Food Chem 2000, 48:3396–3402.10.1021/jf991345810956123
]Search in Google Scholar
[
57. Takebayashi J, Ishii R, Chen J, Matsumoto T, Ishimi Y, Tai A: Reassessment of antioxidant activity of arbutin: Multifaceted evaluation using five antioxidant assay systems. Free Radic. Res 2010, 44:473–478.10.3109/1071576100361076020166881
]Search in Google Scholar
[
58. Jeszka-Skowron M, Krawczyk M, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A: Determination of antioxidant activity, rutin, quercetin, phenolic acids and trace elements in tea infusions: Influence of citric acid addition on extraction of metals. J Food Compos Anal 2015, 40:70-77.10.1016/j.jfca.2014.12.015
]Search in Google Scholar
[
59. Frei B, Higdon JV: Antioxidant Activity of Tea Polyphenols In Vivo: Evidence from Animal Studies. J Nutr 2003, 133(10):3275S-3284S.10.1093/jn/133.10.3275S14519826
]Search in Google Scholar
[
60. Oka Y, Iwai S, Amano H, Irie Y, Yatomi K, Ryu K, Yamada S, Inagaki K, Oguchi K: Tea Polyphenols Inhibit Rat Osteoclast Formation and Differentiation. J Pharmacol Sci 2011, 118(1):55-64.10.1254/jphs.11082FP32092838
]Search in Google Scholar
[
61. Hasan W, Ahmad S, Thakur H, Abbas M: In vitro regulation of osteoclast generation: a cost-effective strategy to combat osteoporosis with natural antioxidants and polyphenols like EGCG. Eur J Acad Res 2014, 2:2286-4822.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
62. Nicolin, V., De Tommasi, N., Nori, S.L., Costantinides, F., Berton, F., Di Lenarda, R., 2019. Modulatory Effects of Plant Polyphenols on Bone Remodeling: A Prospective View From the Bench to Bedside. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 10, 494.10.3389/fendo.2019.00494666399531396157
]Search in Google Scholar
[
63. Jayachandrana M, Wua Z, Ganesana K, Khalidb S, Chunga SM, Xua B: Isoquercetin upregulates antioxidant genes, suppresses inflammatory cytokines and regulates AMPK pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Chem-Biol Interact 2019, 303:62-69.10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.01730817903
]Search in Google Scholar
[
64. Kyung TW, Lee JE, Shin HH, Choi HS: Rutin inhibits osteoclast formation by decreasing reactive oxygen species and TNF-α by inhibiting activation of NF-κB. Exp Mol Med 2008, 40:52–58.10.3858/emm.2008.40.1.52267932118305398
]Search in Google Scholar
[
65. Fayeda HA, Barakata BM, Elshaerb SS, Abdel-Naimc AB, Menzed ET: Antiosteoporotic activities of isoquercitrin in ovariectomized rats: Role of inhibiting hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha. Eur J Pharmacol 2019, 865: 172785.10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.17278531712059
]Search in Google Scholar
[
66. Horcajada-Molteni MN, Crespy V, Coxam V, Davicco MJ, Rémésy C, Barlet JP: Rutin Inhibits Ovariectomy-Induced Osteopenia in Rats. JBMR 2000, 15:2251-2258.10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.11.225111092407
]Search in Google Scholar
[
67. Yokoyama A, Sakakibara H, Crozier A, Kawai Y, Matsui A, Terao J, Kumazawa S, Shimoi K: Quercetin metabolites and protection against peroxynitrite-induced oxidative hepatic injury in rats. Free Radic Res 2009, 43:913-21.10.1080/1071576090313701019669999
]Search in Google Scholar
[
68. Man X, Yang L, Liu S, Yang L, Li M, Fu Q: Arbutin promotes MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblast precursor cell proliferation and differentiation via the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019, 19:4637–4644.10.3892/mmr.2019.10125652280130957189
]Search in Google Scholar
[
69. Prouillet C, Mazière J-C, Mazière C, Wattel A, Brazier M, Kamel S: Stimulatory effect of naturally occurring flavonols quercetin and kaempferol on alkaline phosphatase activity in MG-63 human osteoblasts through ERK and estrogen receptor pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2004, 67:1307–1313.10.1016/j.bcp.2003.11.00915013846
]Search in Google Scholar
[
70. Kanter M, Altan MF, Donmez S, Ocakci A, Kartal ME: The effects of quercetin on bone minerals, biomechanical behavior, and structure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2007, 25:747–752.10.1002/cbf.139717265531
]Search in Google Scholar
[
71. Derakhshanian H, Ghadbeigi S, Rezaian M, Bahremand A, Javanbakht MH, Golpaie A, Hosseinzadeh P, Tajik N, Dehpour AR: Quercetin improves bone strength in experimental biliary cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 2013, 43:394–400.10.1111/j.1872-034X.2012.01075.x22882531
]Search in Google Scholar
[
72. Omori A, Yoshimura Y, Deyama Y, Suzuki K: Rosmarinic acid and arbutin suppress osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting superoxide and NFATc1 downregulation in RAW 264.7 cells. Biomed Reports 2015, 3:483–490.10.3892/br.2015.452448701826171153
]Search in Google Scholar
[
73. Barhoma RA, Hegab II, Atef MM, El-Shamy AM: Unraveling the Role of Melatonin/ Quercetin in Attenuating the Metabolic and Bone Turnover Alternations in Iron Treated-Ovariectomized Female Rats. Med J Cairo Univ 2019, 87:2857-2870.10.21608/mjcu.2019.59320
]Search in Google Scholar
[
74. Chen Y, Dai F, He Y, Chen Q, Xia Q, Cheng G, Lu Y, Zhang Q: Beneficial effects of hyperoside on bone metabolism in ovariectomized mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018, 107:1175–1182.10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.06930257331
]Search in Google Scholar
[
75. Qi X-C, Li B, Wu W-L, Liu, H-C, Jiang Y-P: Protective effect of hyperoside against hydrogen peroxide-induced dysfunction and oxidative stress in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Artif Cells Nanomedicine Biotechnol 2020. 48, 377–383.10.1080/21691401.2019.170985131903787
]Search in Google Scholar
[
76. Liu L, Wang D, Qin Y, Xu M, Zhou L, Xu W, Liu X, Ye L, Yue S, Zheng Q, Li D: Astragalin Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells and Bone Formation in vivo. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019, 10:228.10.3389/fendo.2019.00228647698431040823
]Search in Google Scholar
[
77. Karadeniz F, Oh JH, Lee JI, Seo Y, Kong CS: 3,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid from Atriplex gmelinii enhances the osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stromal cells via WnT/BMP signaling and suppresses adipocyte differentiation via AMPK activation. Phytomedicine 2020, 71:153225.10.1016/j.phymed.2020.15322532464299
]Search in Google Scholar