Volume 219 (2019): Edizione 4 (December 2019)

The paper presents results of research based on analysis of marine icing nomograms, models and charts using in the sea navigation. The problem of ships icing occurs in specific weather and geographical conditions. Every year numbers of vessels navigate in these areas meet a phenomenon of icing. Ice on decks of ships can be formed from fresh water or sea (salt) water. Ships operating in waters where the phenomime of icing is occurred use for safety navigation icing nomograms and icing charts. Icing charts are created based on icing models.

The main aim of the article is to perform a review of currently used in the sea navigation icing nomograms and icing maps, based on icing models, used in navigation to depict the phenomenon of icing.

The purpose of this article is to present selected threats that may affect the security of IT systems caused by cyberattacks coming from cyberspace, as well as to prescribe the results that could be caused by the failure to implement security measures to protect information system (IS).

In the paper, there has been constructed a discrete model of the non-classical Bittner operational calculus with a derivative understood as the operation S_b{x(k)} := {x(k+n) − b(k)x(k)}, which is a generalization of the n^th-order forward difference. It has also been pointed out that there is a possibility to generalize operational calculus models with backward and central differences of higher orders.

In the field of communication on land and in the air, there are already functioning fully or partially autonomous devices. However, it is difficult to point to similar solutions regarding autonomous systems, especially in military applications.

The article formulates development perspectives for marine autonomous systems in military applications, taking into account achieved benefits, requirements and development restrictions. Many interesting places devoted to the security of autonomous systems, on the clear improvement of the security situation with the above-mentioned systems, equipment and machines for maintenance, management devices, autonomous systems, controls and controls, devices for carrying out operations.

The recommendations indicate the need to implement joint projects in the field of the development of autonomous marine technologies and are critical in the previous activities undertaken in this field of research.

The article presents the general organization and operating principles of the national departmental standardization system. The characteristics of the tasks carried out in the area of defense and security, in the new formal, legal, and organizational conditions related to the passive defense of the Polish Navy ships are presented. In addition, the article contains a brief description of standardization documents in the area of national defense applied in the Armed Forces of Poland. One of the areas related to the passive defense and measurements of physical fields in the Polish Navy was also indicated.

Normalization is a way by which the Polish Navy can support the development of the military potential through the introduction of new equipment and weapons, which also contributes to the development of scientific research.