<trans-abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Measures taken to contain the COVID-19 pandemic in addition to changes in consumer attitudes and behavior have impacted food supply chains globally. In order to examine the effects of COVID-19 on Austrian agriculture, interviews with 34 farmers were conducted in early 2021. The results of a qualitative content analysis show that the diverse and heterogeneous impacts of COVID-19 on farms create opportunities as well as challenges. Negative impacts include sales difficulties due to the closure of restaurants and markets, the ban on non-agricultural activities, the disrupted availability of workers and agricultural inputs, and burdens on farmers. Mitigation of negative effects through political measures and interest groups showed limited effectiveness. Nevertheless, the functionality of agricultural production was maintained as direct impacts were minimal and adjustments adequate. Positive effects result from the increased demand in direct marketing and food retailing, the improved perception of agriculture in society and advantages in the farmers' private lives. Long-term changes of farms are mainly driven by digitization, investments and adjustments concerning marketing.
</trans-abstract>

A qualitative study on the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the Austrian agriculture

<trans-abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Environmental awareness is affected by fluctuations, which occur when other social events are prioritized. This paper investigates how environmental awareness of persons between the age of 20 and 30 living in Austria has changed during the period of the Covid-19 crisis compared to the period directly before. To answer this question a literature review and a quantitative survey (n = 210) on the affective and cognitive component of environmental awareness have been conducted. The results show a slight increase in the affective/cognitive component. This correlates with some socio-demographic characteristics and the change in certain behaviors but not with the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on one's life. However, the high topicality of the Covid-19 crisis, as well as the dynamic of the crisis, should be highlighted. Therefore, no assessment of the long-term development of environmental awareness can be made and further research is necessary.
</trans-abstract>

Analysis of potential changes in environmental awareness during the Covid-19 crisis

<trans-abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Current sewage sludge management in Austria is in transition. In the future, phosphorus recovery will increase and agricultural reuse is becoming less important. Current (political) concepts focus primarily on the (few) larger wastewater treatment plants, but also the (many) small plants require viable solutions for the future. In order to provide an overview of the current practice of sewage sludge management with special consideration of smaller wastewater treatment plants, this article uses the example of Upper Austria to create an inventory of all wastewater treatment plants in the province and, based on this, to derive the plant specific amount and to highlight and discuss the common sewage sludge disposal paths. The findings presented are intended to help sensitize experts and political decision-makers to the needs of the “smaller” wastewater treatment plants, so that they will also be addressed in the development of future concepts for sewage sludge management.
</trans-abstract>

Current practice and future challenges of sewage sludge management considering small wastewater treatment plants at the example of Upper Austria

<trans-abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The grapevine represents a natural reservoir of resident microbial resources embedded in a complex microecosystem. The aim of this study was to find out which germs are present in the bleeding sap. The bleeding juice was obtained using a clean with alcohol sterilized PET bottle. After enrichment, DNA extraction followed by analysis of an Illumina MiSeq v3 with target region V1V3 was examined. The sequences obtained were aligned with the NCBI database. The most dominant genera in the grapevines were <italic>Pseudomonas</italic> and <italic>Massilia</italic> followed by the genera <italic>Zoogloea</italic>, <italic>Bacillus</italic>, <italic>Idonella</italic>, <italic>Sphingomonas</italic> and <italic>Paenibacillus</italic>. Sporadically, other bacterial genera appeared in the vines. In addition, the yeast-like microorganism <italic>Aureobasidium pullulans</italic> was determined in two vines and the described inhibitory interaction between <italic>Pseudomonas</italic> and <italic>Aureobasidium</italic> was confirmed as described in the literature. In general, all microorganisms determined in the bleeding sap have a plant-strengthening influence and provide a basis for colonization into tissue-specific plant parts.
</trans-abstract>

Detection of Endophyts in Bleeding Sap of Vine by Next Generation Sequencing

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

European forest ecosystems are increasingly exposed to stressors such as storm, drought episodes and mass attack of forest insect pests. Sustainable forest management requires a fundamental understanding of causal relationships between forest structures and the occurrence of disturbance events, as well as a well-functioning transfer of scientific knowledge into practice. Risk or predisposition assessment, phenological models or prediction of deficits in stand water supply can serve as decision support for prophylactic and protective measures in forestry. This overview addresses the theoretical approaches to insect pest-related mortality in forests that form the basis for such models. Many insect herbivore species benefit from increased temperatures and drought. For example, there is a clear correlation between bark beetle infestation and summer temperatures, storm damage and precipitation deficits. Drought stress is one of the main factors predisposing conifer forests to bark beetle infestation and significantly impacts interactions among <italic>Picea abies</italic>, <italic>Ips typographus</italic> and its associated ophiostomatoid fungi. A multi-year study focused on the effects of drought on the defence capacity and attractiveness of Norway spruce to <italic>I. typographus</italic>. The empirical dataset gained in field and laboratory experiments provides new insights into defence responses of this important tree species against biotic infestations under drought.
</abstract>

Towards an improved understanding of bark beetle and other insect herbivore infestation in conifer forests

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Volume 70 (2019): Issue 3 (December 2019) Special Issue: with invited papers from the 47th International Symposium „Actual tasks on Agricultural Engineering“ (ATAE), 5th – 7th March 2019, Opatija, Croatia, http://atae.agr.hr/, Editor: Prof. Andreas Gronauer

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Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment

“Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment” is an interdisciplinary forum dedicated to all aspects of research in the rural area. Our aim is to provide an international outlet for new results in all disciplines of land management, food, environment and related sciences.  The journal publishes in an open access model.  Rejection Rate   10 % (2014)   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.  Copyright Policy  The work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.  Peer Review process  The journal uses a double-blind reviewing process, thus authors remain anonymous to referees and referees remain anonymous to authors. 