<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The fundamentals and contemporary status of topographic mapping of Ukraine’s territory has been studied. Prior to declaration of Ukraine’s independence, its territory was covered with 1:10,000 to 1:1,000,000 scale topographic maps made by sub-divisions of the Chief Department of Geodesy and Cartography affiliated with the Council of Ministers of the USSR (GUGK USSR) and sub-divisions of the Military Topographic Service (MTS) of the USSR Armed Forces. Topographic mapping related cooperation between these institutions has been described. Topographic study of Ukraine’s territory as at 1991 has been subject to close analysis, with due consideration of the coordinate systems used for topographic maps.
During the first years after Ukraine’s independence declaration topographic maps in Ukraine were made according to the previously effective Soviet instructions in the 1942 coordinate systems and 1977 Baltic height system. Since mid 1990s, Ukraine enjoyed transition from analog technology of making topographic maps to digital one. The contemporary legal and statutory support of topographic mapping in Ukraine has been studied; the implementation since 1 January 2007 of the UCS-2000 national geodetic reference coordinate system and the height system measurement works have been analyzed. Focus has been made on obsolescence of information of contemporary topographic maps and on extensive deprivation of secrecy for topographic maps in 2000s.
Critical for the development of topographic mapping in Ukraine is now the Law of Ukraine “On National Geospatial Data Infrastructure” adopted in 2020. The Topographic Service of the Armed Forces (TS AF) of Ukraine carried out big scopes of works to update the topographic maps related to Russia’s military operations against Ukraine.
</abstract>

Contemporary status of topographic mapping in Ukraine

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The purpose of the article is to present the research on method of the quality evaluation of published open geospatial data and its implementation in Ukraine. The method of the quality evaluation of open geospatial data considers the international standard ISO 19157 “Geographic information. Data quality”. This method is to determine the number of points or levels (maximum – 5). The research was carried out for the evaluation of open geoinformation resources for production of geospatial datasets, as defined in the Ukrainian Law on NSDI. The authors evaluated the quality of 142 open geoinformation resources and other information resources (materials) for the production and updating of 34 geospatial datasets for the development of NSDI in Ukraine. The authors present the example of the quality evaluation of geospatial data for datasets: “State Geodetic Reference Coordinate System UCS-2000”, “State Geodetic Network”, “Geographical Names” and “Administrative Units” because they are the components of the Core Reference Dataset of NSDI. Limitations of the research were determined by the adopted the Law of Ukraine “On National Spatial Data Infrastructure” and the Order for NSDI functioning in Ukraine and the requirements of the international standard ISO 19157 “Geographic information. Data quality”. The results of the research will be employed to evaluate the quality of NSDI implementation in Ukraine. The proposed method allows evaluating the quality of open geospatial dataset before using them for analysis and modeling of terrain, phenomena. This method takes into account the quality of geospatial data, and its related requirements for their production, updating and publication.
</abstract>

The method for the quality evaluation of open geospatial data for creation and updating of datasets for National Spatial Data Infrastructure in Ukraine

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The authors of the review aim to understand and assess cartographic Heat Maps’ (HM) designs, tools, and applications. The paper consists of two parts. First describes HM in the context of neocartography and map design by tackling such issues as definition, input data, methods of density determination and generalization, colour schemes, legend construction, and base maps. The second part assesses the range of 17 tools used for creating HM. Tools are divided into non-GIS tools (visualization tools and programming libraries) and GIS applications (desktop and webGIS). GIS desktop software has been selected due to its popularity and wide application. Paper presents an expert assessment of this software with the use of a research questionnaire. The analysis made it possible to develop a division of tools based on their embedding in computer programs and applications and taking into account the types of visualization. It also made it possible to indicate tools that can be used by both professional GIS users (e.g. analysts, cartographers) and the general public, including teachers using HM to visualize geo data for geography lessons. The limitation of the review was the analysis from the expert’s point of view. It would be desirable to include novices perspectives in future studies due to the wide demand for visualization.
</abstract>

Cartographic visualization of density: exploring the opportunities and constraints of Heat Maps

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Increasing amounts of rapidly growing data are the driving force behind proposing and automating new processing, enabling the extraction of useful information from data. One of such possibilities is determining trends to consider in terms of time and space. Thus far, the analysis of these aspects has been separate and lacked automated tools. Therefore, the authors proposed, implemented, and tested a tool for analyzing spatio-temporal linear trends. The tool was tested on PM10 concentration data in the years 2000–2018. The results, presented as cartographic visualization, were then evaluated, both in terms of time and space. The proposed approach facilitates analyzing spatio-temporal trends and assessing their accuracy; it can be developed using other types of analyzed trends or considering additional factors that influence the trend by using cokriging.
</abstract>

Determination and evaluation of spatio-temporal trends on the example of PM10 concentration in Poland (2000−2018)

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The author attempts to apply a multi-criteria spatial analysis of issues related to urban public transport in terms of optimizing its usage and accessibility. Publicly available spatial and statistical data were used. Desktop GIS computer software was the primary tool and work environment – due to its popularity and wide interdisciplinary application in studying geospatial phenomena, processes, and dependencies. The article consists of two parts. The first identifies the research area, indicates the data used and the methodology of the conducted analysis, while the second presents the results of analyses in optimizing the functioning of public transport in Mińsk Mazowiecki (Mazowieckie Voivodeship, Poland) and recommendations that may contribute to disseminating the use of multi-criteria analyses in medium-sized cities.
</abstract>

Application of GIS multi-criteria analysis and cartographic data presentation methods for public transportation optimization: the case of the town of Mińsk Mazowiecki

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The author presents the proposal for a map as a model based on the current concepts in the philosophy of science. It is the attempt to define a map within the general theory of the model – in its ontological, semantical, and epistemological aspect. Treating a map as a model of reality boils down to specifying several characteristics determining its character. The article primarily aims at broadening the discussion on what a map is and what defines it as a model of reality. A new definition has been proposed in effect of the deliberations based on the analysis of models’ typology in the sphere of philosophy.
</abstract>

Status of the cartographic model

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

In the era of interdisciplinary research supported by IT solutions, a special role is played by digital source repositories. The digital turn has contributed to their considerable development, and the application of new technologies has largely changed the current methods of research work. This facilitates pooling and structuring dispersed collections e.g. as part of thematic repositories, which collect and share thematically related resources. Metadata, which allow effective searching and identification of resources, are an important element of their function. The objective of the article is to present a procedure for the development of metadata aimed at creation of a thematic database of dispersed sources remaining after the Paris Peace Conference ending World War I. Based on the metadata development procedure, the author discusses the diagnosed problems associated with e.g. the specificity of the analyzed sources.
</abstract>

Development of metadata for historical cartographic resources associated with the Paris Peace Conference (1919−1920)

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The paper presents the review of mapping techniques applied in research using mental maps. The review covers both evaluative and structural mapping. The choice of a method is influenced by the level of freedom given to the respondents while creating sketch maps. It is also highly affected by the area of a given region, scale used in the research and limitations of mapping techniques in GIS software. For large scale maps created in GIS software, it is possible to use quantitative methods, i.e. proportional symbol maps or quantitative signature symbols. Using multiple complementary mapping techniques allows to draw the most comprehensive conclusions in the analyses of perception of a given space in the society.
</abstract>

Using different mapping techniques and GIS programs  in the analysis and visualisation of mental maps

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Polish Cartographical Review

Journal's original version: electronic version  70 points in the evaluation of Ministry of Education and Science   The Polish Cartographical Review (Pol. Cartogr. Rev, PCR) is one of the oldest cartographic journals in the world. It has been distributed since 1969 as the continuation of the periodical that had been published in Lvov for 11 years (during the years 1923 to 1934) under the title The Polish Cartographical Review. The quarterly plays an essential role in connection with the increasing importance of spatial information in the contemporary world as well as due to the expanding of use of maps in many areas of social and economic life. As a result, cartography as a field of knowledge, dealing with the methodology of information transmission via maps, is becoming increasingly important; especially facing the new challenges posed by the technological changes, and in the natural consequence - cultural ones.  The thematic scope of the articles that are published in The Polish Cartographical Review is very diverse. It reflects the main development directions of the contemporary cartography that is worked up by the cartographers and another specialists from the other fields of science for whom the map is the subject of research or the visual presentation of the results. In the area of interest of the magazine are the problems of theory of cartography, editing and perception processes of maps, the use of cartography in the studies of social and economic phenomena, including the use of the remote sensing and GIS tools, as well as the cultural role of the map and the history of cartography.  Today, like before the World War II, The Polish Cartographical Review is an important forum for exchange of ideas between the cartographers - workers of science, and the contractors or users of space information in the field of research related to utilitarian aspects of the cartographic activity.  The magazine is a quarterly that is edited by Polish scientists connected with Polish Geographical Society. The reviewers are foreign and Polish scientists. The consultative body is the international Advisory Editorial Board. Social media  Twitter  Facebook   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 