<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The neutronic characteristics of (Th-233U)O2, (Th-233U)C, and (Th-233U)N have been compared in small long-life pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Neutronic calculations were carried out at 300 MWth, 400 MWth, and 500 MWth with two cladding types: zircaloy-4 and ZIRLO (Zr low oxygen). They were performed using the Standard Reactor Analysis Code (SRAC) and JENDL-4.0 nuclide data, dividing the reactor core into three fuel zones with varying 233U enrichment levels, ranging from 3% to 9% and fluctuating by 1%, employing the PIJ module at the fuel cell level and the CITATION module at the reactor core level. In addition, 231Pa was added as burnable poison (BP). The (Th-233U)N fuel demonstrated superior criticality compared to the other fuel types, as it consistently achieves critical conditions throughout the reactor’s operating cycle with excess reactivity &lt;1.00% dk/k for several fuel configurations at the 300 MWth and 400 MWth power levels. Moreover, the (Th-233U)N and (Th-233U)C fuels exhibited similar and flatter power density distribution patterns compared to the (Th-233U)O2 fuel. The power peaking factor (PPF) value was relatively higher for (Th-233U)O2 fuel than the other two fuels. The (Th-233U)N fuel exhibited the most negative Doppler coefficient, followed by (Th-233U)C and (Th-233U)O2 fuels. Analysis of burnup levels revealed that the (Th-233U)O2 fuel achieved significantly higher burnup than the other two fuels.
</abstract>

Comparison of the neutronic properties of the (Th-233U)O2, (Th-233U)C, and (Th-233U)N fuels in small long-life PWR cores with 300, 400, and 500 MWth of power

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

We studied the effects of Aeroxide P25 titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) with a diameter of 21 nm on induction of DNA damage and long-term survival of three human cell lines: hepatocellular liver carcinoma HepG2, colorectal adenocarcinoma HT29 and lung carcinoma A549. The endpoints examined were DNA breakage estimated by the comet assay and oxidative base damage recognized by formamide-pyrimidine glycosylase (FPG) estimated with the FPG+ comet assay, frequencies of histone γH2AX foci and micronuclei, apoptosis, cell metabolic activity measured by mitochondrial activity (MTT) assay and long-term survival measured by colony-forming ability. Each cell line had a different pattern of DNA breakage and base damage vs. nanoparticle (NP) concentration and treatment time. There was no increase in the frequencies of histone γH2AX foci and micronuclei as compared to those in the untreated cells. In parallel with these results, no induction of apoptosis has been found in none of the cell lines tested. The reported experiments provided no evidence of the long-term <italic>in vitro</italic> toxicity of Aeroxide P25 TiO2 NPs, despite a slight decrease in mitochondrial activity and cell survival during the first 72 h.
</abstract>

No evidence of the long-term <italic>in vitro</italic> toxicity of Aeroxide P25 TiO2 nanoparticles in three mammalian cell lines despite the initial reduction of cellular mitochondrial activity

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Lead (Pb)-based materials are very effective in radiation shielding due to their high density of Pb. However, they pose health risks to humans because of the toxicity of lead. As a result, the investigation of radiation shielding properties of various lead-free glass materials has drawn a lot of attention from researchers. In this work, the γ radiation competence of the Bi2O3–ZnO–B2O3–SiO2 glass network was investigated, for the first time in the 0.015–15 MeV energy range, using Phy-X/PSD and XCOM software systems. The results showed that 45Bi2O3–5ZnO–20B2O3–30SiO2 glass sample has the highest linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, and effective atomic number, and it has the lowest half-value layer, tenth-value layer, and mean-free path. Therefore, 45Bi2O3–5ZnO–20B2O3–30SiO sample is more effective on γ ray shielding than 10Bi2O3–40ZnO–20B2O3–30SiO, 20Bi2O3–30ZnO–20B2O3–30SiO, 30Bi2O3–20ZnO–20B2O3–30SiO, and 40Bi2O3–10ZnO–20B2O3–30SiO samples. The comparison of the results with the literature also revealed that the 45Bi2O3–5ZnO–20B2O3–30SiO glass sample is even more effective than some of Bi2O3-based glass systems, which were recently developed in the literature, by at least a factor of 2.
</abstract>

Gamma radiation shielding properties of (x)Bi2O3–(0.5 – x)ZnO–0.2B2O3–0.3SiO2 glass system

Professor W. Alexander Van Hook (1936-2023)

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Nukleonika

Volume 69 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

Comparison of the neutronic properties of the (Th-²³³U)O₂, (Th-²³³U)C, and (Th-²³³U)N fuels in small long-life PWR cores with 300, 400, and 500 MW_th of power

No evidence of the long-term in vitro toxicity of Aeroxide P25 TiO₂ nanoparticles in three mammalian cell lines despite the initial reduction of cellular mitochondrial activity

Gamma radiation shielding properties of (x)Bi₂O₃–(0.5 – x)ZnO–0.2B₂O₃–0.3SiO₂ glass system

Professor W. Alexander Van Hook (1936-2023)

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All Volumes and Issues in this Journal

Nukleonika

Volume 69 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

Comparison of the neutronic properties of the (Th-233U)O2, (Th-233U)C, and (Th-233U)N fuels in small long-life PWR cores with 300, 400, and 500 MWth of power

No evidence of the long-term in vitro toxicity of Aeroxide P25 TiO2 nanoparticles in three mammalian cell lines despite the initial reduction of cellular mitochondrial activity

Gamma radiation shielding properties of (x)Bi2O3–(0.5 – x)ZnO–0.2B2O3–0.3SiO2 glass system

Professor W. Alexander Van Hook (1936-2023)

Search

All Volumes and Issues in this Journal

Comparison of the neutronic properties of the (Th-²³³U)O₂, (Th-²³³U)C, and (Th-²³³U)N fuels in small long-life PWR cores with 300, 400, and 500 MW_th of power

No evidence of the long-term in vitro toxicity of Aeroxide P25 TiO₂ nanoparticles in three mammalian cell lines despite the initial reduction of cellular mitochondrial activity

Gamma radiation shielding properties of (x)Bi₂O₃–(0.5 – x)ZnO–0.2B₂O₃–0.3SiO₂ glass system