<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Electron beam treatment technologies should be versatile in the removal of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) owing to their exceptional cross sections for the thermal electrons generated in the radiolysis of air. Humidity, dose rates, O2 concentration, and CFC concentration influence the efficiency of the destruction process under electron beam treatment. Computer simulations have been used to theoretically demonstrate the destruction of chlorotrifluoromethane (CF3Cl), dichlorodifluoromethane (CF2Cl2), and trichlorofluoromethane (CFCl3) in the air (N2 + O2: 80% + 20%) in room temperature up to a dose of 13 kGy. Under these conditions, it is predicted that the removal efficiency is in the order CF3Cl (0.1%) &lt; CF2Cl2 (7%) &lt; CFCl3 (34%), which shows the dependence of the process on the number of substituted Cl atoms. Dissociative electron attachment with the release of Cl– is the primary process initiating the destruction of CFCs from the air stream. Reactions with the first excited state of oxygen, namely, O(1D), and charge-transfer reactions further promote the degradation process. The degradation products can be further degraded to CO2, Cl2, and F2 by prolonged radiation treatment. Other predicted products can also be removed through chemical processes.
</abstract>

Computer-simulated degradation of CF3Cl, CF2Cl2, and CFCl3 under electron beam irradiation

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a collaboration of 13 European countries to build the world’s most powerful neutron source for research. The project, situated in the south of Sweden, is approaching the end of the construction phase, and the first scientific results are planned for 2023. This paper gives an overview of mechanical design of the gamma blockers (GBs) in the accelerator to target (A2T) and dump line (DmpL) sections. The presence of GBs in the beam line should limit the gamma radiation emitted from the activated tungsten target and beam dump to allow the safe access of the staff to the machine. The presented design allows for efficient operation and the same shutting time independently of the vacuum status.
</abstract>

Mechanical design of the gamma blockers for the high-energy beam transport region of the European Spallation Source

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Volume 68 (2023): Issue 3 (September 2023)

Computer-simulated degradation of CF₃Cl, CF₂Cl₂, and CFCl₃ under electron beam irradiation

Mechanical design of the gamma blockers for the high-energy beam transport region of the European Spallation Source

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