Effects of mother–child interaction on school adaptation of children according to maternal depression

Variables	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6	X7	X8	X9	X10	X11
X1: Mother–child interaction 6th	0.79
X2: Mother–child interaction 7th	0.59^*	0.78
X3: Mother–child interaction 8th	0.53^*	0.56^*	0.80
X4: Planning–organizing difficulties	−0.43^*	−0.35^*	−0.21^*	0.91
X5: Behavior control difficulty	−0.36^*	−26^*	−0.28^*	0.74^*	0.95
X6: Emotional control difficulty	−0.20^*	−22^*	−0.22^*	0.49^*	0.71^*	0.94
X7: Attention–concentration difficulty	−0.30^*	−17^*	−0.31^*	0.71^*	0.74^*	0.51^*	0.84
X8: School life adjustment	0.41^*	0.23^*	0.30^*	−0.65^*	−0.74^*	−0.54^*	−0.62^*	0.82
X9: Academic performance adjustment	0.38^*	0.28^*	0.32^*	−0.66^*	−0.47^*	−0.30^*	−0.45^*	0.57^*	0.84
X10: Peer adjustment	0.38^*	0.25^*	0.37^*	−0.58^*	−0.57^*	−0.53^*	−0.46^*	0.63^*	0.73^*	0.83
X11: Teacher adjustment	0.37^*	0.29^*	0.38^*	−0.21^*	−0.14^*	−0.28^*	−0.36^*	0.20^*	0.44^*	0.40^*	0.79

Variables	M	SD	Skewness	SE	Kurtosis	SE
Mother–child interaction 6th	2.29	0.50	0.37	0.06	0.25	0.12
Mother–child interaction 7th	2.25	0.50	0.56	0.06	0.76	0.12
Mother–child interaction 8th	2.18	0.49	0.56	0.06	0.55	0.12
Executive function	1.30	0.40	0.86	0.07	3.17	0.15
Subfactor1: Planning–organizing difficulties	1.47	0.52	1.20	0.07	0.51	0.15
Subfactor 2: Behavior control difficulty	1.28	0.44	2.01	0.07	3.60	0.15
Subfactor 3: Emotional control difficulty	1.22	0.44	2.50	0.07	5.82	0.15
Subfactor 4: Attention–concentration difficulty	1.25	0.44	2.18	0.07	4.33	0.15
School adjustment	3.96	0.66	−0.63	0.07	0.23	0.15
Subfactor 1: School life adjustment	4.07	0.94	−1.06	0.07	0.27	0.15
Subfactor 2: Academic performance adjustment	3.82	0.85	−0.61	0.07	−0.04	0.15
Subfactor 3: Peer adjustment	3.97	0.75	−0.65	0.07	0.10	0.15
Subfactor 4: Teacher adjustment	3.94	0.85	−1.14	0.07	1.66	0.15

Level of depression	Variables	Mean	Variance
Normal	Mother–child interaction Intercept	2.30	0.16
	Mother–child interaction Slope	−0.11	0.03
	Mother–child interaction intercept–slope correlation	−0.30^*

Mild/Moderate/Severe	Mother–child interaction Intercept	2.14	0.23
	Mother–child interaction Slope	−0.09	0.18
	Mother–child interaction Intercept–slope correlation	−0.64^*

Level of depression	Exogenous variables		Endogenous variables	β	CR	p	Direct effects (p)	Indirect effects (p)	Total effects (p)
Normal	Mother–child interaction intercept	→	Executive function	−12	2.47	0.038	−12 (0.038)
	Mother–child interaction Slope	→	Executive function	−20	2.62	0.040	−20 (0.040)
	Mother–child interaction intercept	→	School adjustment	0.25	3.67	<0.001	0.25 (<0.001)	0.11 (<0.001)	0.36 (<0.001)
	Mother–child interaction slope	→	School adjustment	0.27	1.01	0.314	0.27 (0.314)	0.14 (<0.001)	0.41 (0.047)
	Executive function	→	School adjustment	−0.67	−24.15	<0.001	−0.67 (<0.001)

Mild/Moderate/Severe	Mother–child interaction intercept	→	Executive function	−0.35	−2.75	0.032	−0.35 (.032)		−0.35 (0.032)
	Mother–child interaction slope	→	Executive function	−0.27	0.95	0.338	−0.27 (0.338)		−0.27 (0.338)
	Mother–child interaction intercept	→	School adjustment	0.15	1.08	0.276	0.15 (0.276)	0.26 (<0.001)	0.41 (0.032)
	Mother–child interaction slope	→	School adjustment	0.17	0.94	0.344	0.17 (0.344)	0.17 (0.320)	0.34 (0.355)
	Executive function	→	School adjustment	−0.25	−7.87	<0.001	−0.55 (<0.001)		−0.55 (<0.001)