Friction films analysis and tribological properties of composite antifriction self-lubricating material based on nickel alloy

Maciej Robert Roszak; Adam Kurzawa; Tetiana Roik; Oleg Gavrysh; Iulia Vitsiuk; Narcis Barsan; Dariusz Pyka; Mirosław Bocian; Krzysztof Jamroziak

Open Access

Friction films analysis and tribological properties of composite antifriction self-lubricating material based on nickel alloy

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| Dec 31, 2023

Materials Science-Poland

Volume 41 (2023): Issue 3 (September 2023)

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Page range: 1 - 17

Received: Oct 13, 2023

Accepted: Nov 26, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0031

Keywords
composite, powder nickel alloy, solid lubricant, chemical elements, antifriction film, self-lubrication

© 2023 Maciej Robert Roszak et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Stand and research object: (A) scheme of the test stand, (B) cross-section of the sample, (C) sample for testing, (D) counterface disc

Technological manufacturing scheme of the antifriction composite EP975 + 6%CaF2

Tested sample: (A) general view of the metallographic specimen, (B) SEM: view of the structure and friction surface at 40× magnification

Structure of the developed composite after manufacturing, wt%: EP975 + 6%CaF2: (A) surface electrolytic etching of metallographic microscopy – light microscopy, (B) SEM (detector SE): microstructure with a view of grain boundaries and intermetallic precipitates, (B, C) EDS analysis

Antifriction properties of composites studied under different loads and velocity of friction: (A) diagram of the friction coefficient under different loads, (B) diagram of the sample’s wear under different loads, (C) diagram of the counterface’s wear under different loads

SEM (SE): view of the sample surface before abrasive wear testing

SEM (SE): Friction surface of the EP975 + 6% CaF2 composite after testing with the following parameters: (A, B) P = 2.0 MPa and v = 0.3 m/s, (C, D) P = 5.0 MPa and v = 1.0 m/s

SEM (SE): friction surface of the EP975 + 6% CaF2 composite with marked EDS analysis points of elemental composition

Spectra from the selected areas on the composite’s friction surface

EDS analysis of the distribution of elements along the selected scanning line illustrating the structure of the anti-friction layer on the surface of the EP975 + 6%CaF2 composite as a function of the depth from the surface: (A) transverse line of which EDS was taken, (B) oxygen content, (C) tungsten content, (D) cobalt content, (E) calcium content, (F) fluorine content, (G) nickel content, (H) niobium content, (I) aluminum content, (J) titanium content, (K) iron content, (L) chromium content

SEM (SE): Microstructure of the abrasive layer in the composite cross-section view EP975 + 6% CaF2. (A) EDS analysis measurement locations EP975 + 6%CaF2 P = 4.0 MPa, v = 0.5 m/s, (B) P = 2.0 MPa, v = 0.3 m/s, (C) results obtained for areas of the composite friction layer

SEM (SE): View of the microstructure of the composite in cross-section after the abrasion process at P = 5.0 MPa and v = 0.5 m/s: (A) formation of a friction film, (B) delamination and fragmentation of the oxide layer

SEM (SE): View of the counter-sample surface after the abrasion test at a pressure of P = 3.0 MPa and a speed of 0.5 m/s; designation of measurement areas of EDS elemental composition analysis

Spectra from the selected area on counterface’s friction surface

Results of the EDS analysis in selected areas (marked in Fig. 11) of the cross-section of the friction layer

Analysis point	Element, wt%
Analysis point	O	F	Al	Ca	Ti	Cr	Fe	Co	Ni	Nb	Mo	W
Spectrum 1	16.64	4.68	3.49	2.12	0.99	4.97	14.68	6.14	35.96	0.94	2.38	7.01
Spectrum 2	14.38	3.71	3.07	1.96	1.15	5.62	16.49	7.04	38.44	0.49	1.59	6.06
Spectrum 3	0.11	1.04	3.99	0.07	1.64	8.32	0.18	11.16	61.11	0.86	2.48	9.04
Spectrum 4	16.74	4.91	3.73	1.98	1.03	5.11	13.67	7.08	36.93	0.49	1.62	6.71
Spectrum 5	14.91	5.79	3.29	2.17	1.11	5.56	14.14	6.73	37.60	0.71	1.67	6.32
Spectrum 6	0.09	1.58	4.77	0.09	2.01	8.06	0.10	10.43	57.31	1.94	3.01	10.61

EDS results of the wear track in selected areas on composite’s friction surface

Analysis point	Element, wt%
Analysis point	O	F	Al	Ca	Ti	Cr	Fe	Co	Ni	Nb	Mo	W
Spectrum 1	17.24	4.81	3.21	1.94	1.01	5.00	14.1	5.84	36.86	0.78	2.22	6.99
Spectrum 2	16.45	26.45	0.85	16.87	0.21	1.24	8.48	1.31	25.21	0.37	0.97	1.68
Spectrum 3	9.12	0.99	4.12	0.07	1.71	8.04	0.24	10.41	52.01	1.24	2.51	9.54
Spectrum 4	16.04	4.51	3.02	2.01	1.04	5.54	13.46	6.23	38.02	0.65	2.45	7.03

Results of the EDS analysis of the chemical composition in selected areas (marked in Fig. 13) of the friction surface of the EI961Sh counter-sample after the abrasion test of the EP975 + 6%CaF2 composite. Friction conditions: P = 3.0 MPa and v = 0.5 m/s

Analysis point	Element, wt%
Analysis point	O	F	Al	Ca	Ti	Cr	Fe	Co	Ni	Nb	Mo	W	V
Sp. 1	19.23	3.99	2.39	4.21	0.79	5.54	21.95	4.84	26.79	0.15	2.59	7.09	0.44
Sp. 2	18.02	3.53	2.3	4.02	0.65	5.62	25.86	4.89	23.55	0.12	2.56	8.54	0.34
Sp. 3	12.31	1.84	0.44	0.42	0.14	6.51	61.16	1.56	7.26	0.11	0.65	6.58	1.02
Sp. 4	15.07	2.87	1.08	0.98	0.26	4.11	50.66	1.89	14.92	0.12	1.02	6.66	0.36

Chemical composition of the material based on nickel alloy EP975

Components, wt%
C	W	Cr	Mo	Ti	Al	Nb	Co	Ni	CaF₂
0.038–0.076	8.65–9.31	7.6–9.5	2.28–3.04	1.71–2.09	4.75–5.13	1.71–2.59	9.5–11.4	basis	4.0–8.0

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Friction films analysis and tribological properties of composite antifriction self-lubricating material based on nickel alloy

Published Online: Dec 31, 2023

Page range: 1 - 17

Received: Oct 13, 2023

Accepted: Nov 26, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0031

Keywords
composite, powder nickel alloy, solid lubricant, chemical elements, antifriction film, self-lubrication

© 2023 Maciej Robert Roszak et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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Fig. 11.

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Fig. 14.

Results of the EDS analysis in selected areas (marked in Fig. 11) of the cross-section of the friction layer

EDS results of the wear track in selected areas on composite’s friction surface

Results of the EDS analysis of the chemical composition in selected areas (marked in Fig. 13) of the friction surface of the EI961Sh counter-sample after the abrasion test of the EP975 + 6%CaF2 composite. Friction conditions: P = 3.0 MPa and v = 0.5 m/s

Chemical composition of the material based on nickel alloy EP975

Friction films analysis and tribological properties of composite antifriction self-lubricating material based on nickel alloy

Published Online: Dec 31, 2023

Page range: 1 - 17

Received: Oct 13, 2023

Accepted: Nov 26, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0031

Keywordscomposite, powder nickel alloy, solid lubricant, chemical elements, antifriction film, self-lubrication

© 2023 Maciej Robert Roszak et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

Fig. 11.

Fig. 12.

Fig. 13.

Fig. 14.

Results of the EDS analysis in selected areas (marked in Fig. 11) of the cross-section of the friction layer

EDS results of the wear track in selected areas on composite’s friction surface

Results of the EDS analysis of the chemical composition in selected areas (marked in Fig. 13) of the friction surface of the EI961Sh counter-sample after the abrasion test of the EP975 + 6%CaF2 composite. Friction conditions: P = 3.0 MPa and v = 0.5 m/s

Chemical composition of the material based on nickel alloy EP975

Keywords
composite, powder nickel alloy, solid lubricant, chemical elements, antifriction film, self-lubrication