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Friction films analysis and tribological properties of composite antifriction self-lubricating material based on nickel alloy

Maciej Robert Roszak

Maciej Robert Roszak

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and TechnologyWrocław, Poland
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Roszak, Maciej Robert
, 
Adam Kurzawa

Adam Kurzawa

Department of Light Elements Engineering, Foundry and Automation, Wroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw, Poland
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Kurzawa, Adam
, 
Tetiana Roik

Tetiana Roik

National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”Kyiv, Ukraine
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Roik, Tetiana
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Oleg Gavrysh

Oleg Gavrysh

National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”Kyiv, Ukraine
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Gavrysh, Oleg
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Iulia Vitsiuk

Iulia Vitsiuk

National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”Kyiv, Ukraine
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Vitsiuk, Iulia
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Narcis Barsan

Narcis Barsan

Department of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Vasile Alecsandri University of BacauBacau, Romania
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Barsan, Narcis
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Dariusz Pyka

Dariusz Pyka

Department of Mechanics, Materials Science and Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw, Poland
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Pyka, Dariusz
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Mirosław Bocian

Mirosław Bocian

Department of Mechanics, Materials Science and Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw, Poland
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Bocian, Mirosław
 e 
Krzysztof Jamroziak

Krzysztof Jamroziak

Department of Mechanics, Materials Science and Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw, Poland
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Jamroziak, Krzysztof
  
31 dic 2023
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Pubblicato online: 31 dic 2023
Pagine: 1 - 17
Ricevuto: 13 ott 2023
Accettato: 26 nov 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0031
Parole chiave
© 2023 Maciej Robert Roszak et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Stand and research object: (A) scheme of the test stand, (B) cross-section of the sample, (C) sample for testing, (D) counterface disc
Stand and research object: (A) scheme of the test stand, (B) cross-section of the sample, (C) sample for testing, (D) counterface disc

Fig. 2.

Technological manufacturing scheme of the antifriction composite EP975 + 6%CaF2
Technological manufacturing scheme of the antifriction composite EP975 + 6%CaF2

Fig. 3.

Tested sample: (A) general view of the metallographic specimen, (B) SEM: view of the structure and friction surface at 40× magnification
Tested sample: (A) general view of the metallographic specimen, (B) SEM: view of the structure and friction surface at 40× magnification

Fig. 4.

Structure of the developed composite after manufacturing, wt%: EP975 + 6%CaF2: (A) surface electrolytic etching of metallographic microscopy – light microscopy, (B) SEM (detector SE): microstructure with a view of grain boundaries and intermetallic precipitates, (B, C) EDS analysis
Structure of the developed composite after manufacturing, wt%: EP975 + 6%CaF2: (A) surface electrolytic etching of metallographic microscopy – light microscopy, (B) SEM (detector SE): microstructure with a view of grain boundaries and intermetallic precipitates, (B, C) EDS analysis

Fig. 5.

Antifriction properties of composites studied under different loads and velocity of friction: (A) diagram of the friction coefficient under different loads, (B) diagram of the sample’s wear under different loads, (C) diagram of the counterface’s wear under different loads
Antifriction properties of composites studied under different loads and velocity of friction: (A) diagram of the friction coefficient under different loads, (B) diagram of the sample’s wear under different loads, (C) diagram of the counterface’s wear under different loads

Fig. 6.

SEM (SE): view of the sample surface before abrasive wear testing
SEM (SE): view of the sample surface before abrasive wear testing

Fig. 7.

SEM (SE): Friction surface of the EP975 + 6% CaF2 composite after testing with the following parameters: (A, B) P = 2.0 MPa and v = 0.3 m/s, (C, D) P = 5.0 MPa and v = 1.0 m/s
SEM (SE): Friction surface of the EP975 + 6% CaF2 composite after testing with the following parameters: (A, B) P = 2.0 MPa and v = 0.3 m/s, (C, D) P = 5.0 MPa and v = 1.0 m/s

Fig. 8.

SEM (SE): friction surface of the EP975 + 6% CaF2 composite with marked EDS analysis points of elemental composition
SEM (SE): friction surface of the EP975 + 6% CaF2 composite with marked EDS analysis points of elemental composition

Fig. 9.

Spectra from the selected areas on the composite’s friction surface
Spectra from the selected areas on the composite’s friction surface

Fig. 10.

EDS analysis of the distribution of elements along the selected scanning line illustrating the structure of the anti-friction layer on the surface of the EP975 + 6%CaF2 composite as a function of the depth from the surface: (A) transverse line of which EDS was taken, (B) oxygen content, (C) tungsten content, (D) cobalt content, (E) calcium content, (F) fluorine content, (G) nickel content, (H) niobium content, (I) aluminum content, (J) titanium content, (K) iron content, (L) chromium content
EDS analysis of the distribution of elements along the selected scanning line illustrating the structure of the anti-friction layer on the surface of the EP975 + 6%CaF2 composite as a function of the depth from the surface: (A) transverse line of which EDS was taken, (B) oxygen content, (C) tungsten content, (D) cobalt content, (E) calcium content, (F) fluorine content, (G) nickel content, (H) niobium content, (I) aluminum content, (J) titanium content, (K) iron content, (L) chromium content

Fig. 11.

SEM (SE): Microstructure of the abrasive layer in the composite cross-section view EP975 + 6% CaF2. (A) EDS analysis measurement locations EP975 + 6%CaF2 P = 4.0 MPa, v = 0.5 m/s, (B) P = 2.0 MPa, v = 0.3 m/s, (C) results obtained for areas of the composite friction layer
SEM (SE): Microstructure of the abrasive layer in the composite cross-section view EP975 + 6% CaF2. (A) EDS analysis measurement locations EP975 + 6%CaF2 P = 4.0 MPa, v = 0.5 m/s, (B) P = 2.0 MPa, v = 0.3 m/s, (C) results obtained for areas of the composite friction layer

Fig. 12.

SEM (SE): View of the microstructure of the composite in cross-section after the abrasion process at P = 5.0 MPa and v = 0.5 m/s: (A) formation of a friction film, (B) delamination and fragmentation of the oxide layer
SEM (SE): View of the microstructure of the composite in cross-section after the abrasion process at P = 5.0 MPa and v = 0.5 m/s: (A) formation of a friction film, (B) delamination and fragmentation of the oxide layer

Fig. 13.

SEM (SE): View of the counter-sample surface after the abrasion test at a pressure of P = 3.0 MPa and a speed of 0.5 m/s; designation of measurement areas of EDS elemental composition analysis
SEM (SE): View of the counter-sample surface after the abrasion test at a pressure of P = 3.0 MPa and a speed of 0.5 m/s; designation of measurement areas of EDS elemental composition analysis

Fig. 14.

Spectra from the selected area on counterface’s friction surface
Spectra from the selected area on counterface’s friction surface

Results of the EDS analysis in selected areas (marked in Fig_ 11) of the cross-section of the friction layer

Analysis point Element, wt%
O F Al Ca Ti Cr Fe Co Ni Nb Mo W
Spectrum 1 16.64 4.68 3.49 2.12 0.99 4.97 14.68 6.14 35.96 0.94 2.38 7.01
Spectrum 2 14.38 3.71 3.07 1.96 1.15 5.62 16.49 7.04 38.44 0.49 1.59 6.06
Spectrum 3 0.11 1.04 3.99 0.07 1.64 8.32 0.18 11.16 61.11 0.86 2.48 9.04
Spectrum 4 16.74 4.91 3.73 1.98 1.03 5.11 13.67 7.08 36.93 0.49 1.62 6.71
Spectrum 5 14.91 5.79 3.29 2.17 1.11 5.56 14.14 6.73 37.60 0.71 1.67 6.32
Spectrum 6 0.09 1.58 4.77 0.09 2.01 8.06 0.10 10.43 57.31 1.94 3.01 10.61

EDS results of the wear track in selected areas on composite’s friction surface

Analysis point Element, wt%
O F Al Ca Ti Cr Fe Co Ni Nb Mo W
Spectrum 1 17.24 4.81 3.21 1.94 1.01 5.00 14.1 5.84 36.86 0.78 2.22 6.99
Spectrum 2 16.45 26.45 0.85 16.87 0.21 1.24 8.48 1.31 25.21 0.37 0.97 1.68
Spectrum 3 9.12 0.99 4.12 0.07 1.71 8.04 0.24 10.41 52.01 1.24 2.51 9.54
Spectrum 4 16.04 4.51 3.02 2.01 1.04 5.54 13.46 6.23 38.02 0.65 2.45 7.03

Results of the EDS analysis of the chemical composition in selected areas (marked in Fig_ 13) of the friction surface of the EI961Sh counter-sample after the abrasion test of the EP975 + 6%CaF2 composite_ Friction conditions: P = 3_0 MPa and v = 0_5 m/s

Analysis point Element, wt%
O F Al Ca Ti Cr Fe Co Ni Nb Mo W V
Sp. 1 19.23 3.99 2.39 4.21 0.79 5.54 21.95 4.84 26.79 0.15 2.59 7.09 0.44
Sp. 2 18.02 3.53 2.3 4.02 0.65 5.62 25.86 4.89 23.55 0.12 2.56 8.54 0.34
Sp. 3 12.31 1.84 0.44 0.42 0.14 6.51 61.16 1.56 7.26 0.11 0.65 6.58 1.02
Sp. 4 15.07 2.87 1.08 0.98 0.26 4.11 50.66 1.89 14.92 0.12 1.02 6.66 0.36

Chemical composition of the material based on nickel alloy EP975

Components, wt%
C W Cr Mo Ti Al Nb Co Ni CaF2
0.038–0.076 8.65–9.31 7.6–9.5 2.28–3.04 1.71–2.09 4.75–5.13 1.71–2.59 9.5–11.4 basis 4.0–8.0
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