Examining the change in brands’ marketing communication during COVID-19 from crisis communication perspective

Ajayi, O. A., & Mmutle, T. (2021). Corporate reputation through strategic communication of corporate social responsibility. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 26(5), 1–15. Ajayi O. A. Mmutle T. 2021 Corporate reputation through strategic communication of corporate social responsibility Corporate Communications: An International Journal 26 5 1 15 Search in Google Scholar

Arora, S., Debesay, J., & Eslen-Ziya, H. (2022). Persuasive narrative during the COVID-19 pandemic: Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg’s posts on Facebook. Humanit Soc Sci Commun, 9(35). doi: 10.1057/s41599-022-01051-5. Arora S. Debesay J. Eslen-Ziya H. 2022 Persuasive narrative during the COVID-19 pandemic: Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg’s posts on Facebook Humanit Soc Sci Commun 9 35 10.1057/s41599-022-01051-5 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Atasoy, B., Türkay, O., & Şengül, S. (2022). Strategic responses of chain hotels to COVID-19 from a stiuational crisis communication theory perspective. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 5(5), 1118–1136. Atasoy B. Türkay O. Şengül S. 2022 Strategic responses of chain hotels to COVID-19 from a stiuational crisis communication theory perspective Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 5 5 1118 1136 Search in Google Scholar

Bányász, P. (2023). Crisis communication during Covid-19. HADMÉRNÖK, 18(1), 93–108. Bányász P. 2023 Crisis communication during Covid-19 HADMÉRNÖK 18 1 93 108 Search in Google Scholar

Basri, W. M., & Siam, M. R. (2019). Social media and corporate communication antecedents of SME sustainability performance: A conceptual framework for SMEs of Arab world. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 33(3), 172–182. Basri W. M. Siam M. R. 2019 Social media and corporate communication antecedents of SME sustainability performance: A conceptual framework for SMEs of Arab world Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences 33 3 172 182 Search in Google Scholar

Belobrovkina, E., & Rodgers, S. (2023). COVID-19 public service advertisements through the prism of goal-framing theory. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 44(4), 497–516. Belobrovkina E. Rodgers S. 2023 COVID-19 public service advertisements through the prism of goal-framing theory Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising 44 4 497 516 Search in Google Scholar

Benoit, W. L. (1997). Image repair discourse and crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 23(2), 177–186. Benoit W. L. 1997 Image repair discourse and crisis communication Public Relations Review 23 2 177 186 Search in Google Scholar

Berger, J., Humphreys, A., Ludwig, S., Moe, W. W., Netzer, O., & Schweidel, D. A. (2020). Uniting the tribes: Using text for marketing insight. Journal of Marketing, 84(1), 1–25. Berger J. Humphreys A. Ludwig S. Moe W. W. Netzer O. Schweidel D. A. 2020 Uniting the tribes: Using text for marketing insight Journal of Marketing 84 1 1 25 Search in Google Scholar

Blei, D. M., & Lafferty, J. D. (2007). A correlated topic model of science. The Annals of Applied Statistics, 1(1), 17–35. Blei D. M. Lafferty J. D. 2007 A correlated topic model of science The Annals of Applied Statistics 1 1 17 35 Search in Google Scholar

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. Braun V. Clarke V. 2006 Using thematic analysis in psychology Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 2 77 101 Search in Google Scholar

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. Braun V. Clarke V. 2019 Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health 11 4 589 597 Search in Google Scholar

Brewer, S., & Imes, R. (2023). Pandemic messaging to connect or to sell? B2B messaging strategies on LinkedIn regarding COVID-19. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 28(5), 692–706. Brewer S. Imes R. 2023 Pandemic messaging to connect or to sell? B2B messaging strategies on LinkedIn regarding COVID-19 Corporate Communications: An International Journal 28 5 692 706 Search in Google Scholar

Chaskar, A., & Upadhyay, S. (2023). Why some hotels get it right and others don’t: Perspective of situational crisis communication theory towards crisis response strategies. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 31(4), 954–959. Chaskar A. Upadhyay S. 2023 Why some hotels get it right and others don’t: Perspective of situational crisis communication theory towards crisis response strategies Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 31 4 954 959 Search in Google Scholar

Chaturvedi, R., & Karri, A. (2022). Entrepreneurship in the times of pandemic: Barriers and strategies. FIIB Business Review, 11(1), 52–66. Chaturvedi R. Karri A. 2022 Entrepreneurship in the times of pandemic: Barriers and strategies FIIB Business Review 11 1 52 66 Search in Google Scholar

Claeys, A. S., & Coombs, W. T. (2020). Organizational crisis communication: Suboptimal crisis response selection decisions and behavioral economics. Communication Theory, 30(3), 290–309. Claeys A. S. Coombs W. T. 2020 Organizational crisis communication: Suboptimal crisis response selection decisions and behavioral economics Communication Theory 30 3 290 309 Search in Google Scholar

Coombs, W. T. (2006). The protective powers of crisis response strategies. Journal of Promotion Management, 12(3–4), 241–260. Coombs W. T. 2006 The protective powers of crisis response strategies Journal of Promotion Management 12 3–4 241 260 Search in Google Scholar

Coombs, W. T. (2007). Protecting organization reputation during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate Reputation Review, 10(3), 163–176. Coombs W. T. 2007 Protecting organization reputation during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory Corporate Reputation Review 10 3 163 176 Search in Google Scholar

Coombs, W. T. (2010). Parameters for crisis communication. In W. T. Coombs & S. J. Holladay (Eds.), The handbook of crisis communication (pp. 17–53). John Willey & Sons. Coombs W. T. 2010 Parameters for crisis communication In Coombs W. T. Holladay S. J. (Eds.), The handbook of crisis communication pp. 17 53 John Willey & Sons Search in Google Scholar

Coombs, W. T. (2015). The value of communication during a crisis: Insights from strategic communication research. Business Horizons, 58(2), 141–148. Coombs W. T. 2015 The value of communication during a crisis: Insights from strategic communication research Business Horizons 58 2 141 148 Search in Google Scholar

Coombs, W. T. (2019). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding (4th ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc. Coombs W. T. 2019 Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding 4th ed. SAGE Publications, Inc Search in Google Scholar

Coombs, W. T. (2020). Public sector crises: Realizations from Covid-19 for crisis communition. Partecip. e Conflitto, 13, 990–1001. Coombs W. T. 2020 Public sector crises: Realizations from Covid-19 for crisis communition Partecip. e Conflitto 13 990 1001 Search in Google Scholar

Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2002). Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets. Initial test of the situational crisis communication theory. Management Communication Quarterly, 16(2), 165–186. Coombs W. T. Holladay S. J. 2002 Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets. Initial test of the situational crisis communication theory Management Communication Quarterly 16 2 165 186 Search in Google Scholar

Coombs, W. T., & Tachkova, E. R. (2024). How emotions can enhance crisis communication: Theorizing around moral outrage. Journal of Public Relations Research, 36(1), 6–22. Coombs W. T. Tachkova E. R. 2024 How emotions can enhance crisis communication: Theorizing around moral outrage Journal of Public Relations Research 36 1 6 22 Search in Google Scholar

Deutsch, A., & Mouton, A. (2022). Prosocial messaging during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal examination of email advertisements. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 25(4), 511–531. Deutsch A. Mouton A. 2022 Prosocial messaging during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal examination of email advertisements Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 25 4 511 531 Search in Google Scholar

Dhar, S., & Bose, I. (2022). Victim crisis communication strategy on digital media: A study of the COVID-19 pandemic. Decision Support Systems, 161, 113830. Dhar S. Bose I. 2022 Victim crisis communication strategy on digital media: A study of the COVID-19 pandemic Decision Support Systems 161 113830 Search in Google Scholar

Donthu, N., & Gustafsson, A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on business and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 284–289. Donthu N. Gustafsson A. 2020 Effects of COVID-19 on business and research Journal of Business Research 117 284 289 Search in Google Scholar

Duignan, B. (2024). Great recession. Retrieved from Britannica Money: https://www.britannica.com/money/great-recession. Duignan B. 2024 Great recession Retrieved from Britannica Money: https://www.britannica.com/money/great-recession Search in Google Scholar

Eisele, O., Tolochko, P., & Boomgaarden, H. G. (2021). How do executives communicate about crises? A framework for comparative analysis. European Journal of Political Research, 61(4), 952–972. Eisele O. Tolochko P. Boomgaarden H. G. 2021 How do executives communicate about crises? A framework for comparative analysis European Journal of Political Research 61 4 952 972 Search in Google Scholar

Farmaki, A., Hadjielias, E., Olya, H., Taheri, B., & Drotarova, H. M. (2022). CSR communication and international marketing: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic. International Marketing Review, 40(5), 1071–1111. Farmaki A. Hadjielias E. Olya H. Taheri B. Drotarova H. M. 2022 CSR communication and international marketing: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic International Marketing Review 40 5 1071 1111 Search in Google Scholar

Fawaz, R. S., Bourliataux-Lajoinie, S., Roessner, A., & Okazaki, S. (2023). What do we know about consumers’ ontological security in disaster scenarios? International Journal of Consumer Studies, 47, 1483–1499. Fawaz R. S. Bourliataux-Lajoinie S. Roessner A. Okazaki S. 2023 What do we know about consumers’ ontological security in disaster scenarios? International Journal of Consumer Studies 47 1483 1499 Search in Google Scholar

Girija, S., Sharma, D. R., & Kausal, V. (2023). Exploring dimensions of the customer experience at budget hotels during the COVID-19 pandemic: A netnography approach. Qualitative Market Research, 26(4), 320–344. Girija S. Sharma D. R. Kausal V. 2023 Exploring dimensions of the customer experience at budget hotels during the COVID-19 pandemic: A netnography approach Qualitative Market Research 26 4 320 344 Search in Google Scholar

Hesse, A., Niederle, F., Schön, L., & Stautz, D. (2021). Consumer responses to brand communications involving COVID-19. Journal of Marketing Management, 37(17–18), 1783–1814. Hesse A. Niederle F. Schön L. Stautz D. 2021 Consumer responses to brand communications involving COVID-19 Journal of Marketing Management 37 17–18 1783 1814 Search in Google Scholar

Hoang, D., Kousi, S., & Martinez, L. F. (2023). Online customer engagement in the post pandemic scenario: A hybrid thematic analysis of the luxury fashion industry. Electronic Commerce Research, 23, 1401–1428. Hoang D. Kousi S. Martinez L. F. 2023 Online customer engagement in the post pandemic scenario: A hybrid thematic analysis of the luxury fashion industry Electronic Commerce Research 23 1401 1428 Search in Google Scholar

Hu, L., & Olivieri, M. (2023). The acceleration of digital communications in the durable goods industry. A study on white goods firms after COVID-19. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 38(7), 1465–1478. Hu L. Olivieri M. 2023 The acceleration of digital communications in the durable goods industry. A study on white goods firms after COVID-19 Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 38 7 1465 1478 Search in Google Scholar

Jacobson, J., Gunn, F., & Hernandez, T. (2023). Stepping up as an essential service: Grocery retailing and the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 33(3), 240–259. Jacobson J. Gunn F. Hernandez T. 2023 Stepping up as an essential service: Grocery retailing and the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research 33 3 240 259 Search in Google Scholar

Juliana, B. M., Prabowo, H., Alamsjah, F., & Hamsal, M. (2023). Building organizational resilience by developing customers orientation, digital adoption and organizational agility: An empirical study in the Indonesian banking industry. Quality-Access to Success, 24(197), 75–83. Juliana B. M. Prabowo H. Alamsjah F. Hamsal M. 2023 Building organizational resilience by developing customers orientation, digital adoption and organizational agility: An empirical study in the Indonesian banking industry Quality-Access to Success 24 197 75 83 Search in Google Scholar

Kwork, L., Lee, J., & Han, S. H. (2022). Crisis communication on social media: What types of COVID-19 messages get the attention. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 63(4), 528–543. Kwork L. Lee J. Han S. H. 2022 Crisis communication on social media: What types of COVID-19 messages get the attention Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 63 4 528 543 Search in Google Scholar

Lee, S. Y. (2020). Stealing thunder as a crisis communication strategy in the digital age. Business Horizon, 63(6), 801–810. Lee S. Y. 2020 Stealing thunder as a crisis communication strategy in the digital age Business Horizon 63 6 801 810 Search in Google Scholar

Li, J., & McCrary, R. (2022). Consumer communications and current events: A cross cultural study of the change in consumer response to company social media posts due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 10, 173–183. Li J. McCrary R. 2022 Consumer communications and current events: A cross cultural study of the change in consumer response to company social media posts due to the COVID-19 pandemic Journal of Marketing Analytics 10 173 183 Search in Google Scholar

Li, C.-W., Phun, V. K., Suzuki, M., & Yai, T. (2015). The effects of aviation accidents on public perception toward an airline. Air and Water Transportation, 11, 2347–2362. Li C.-W. Phun V. K. Suzuki M. Yai T. 2015 The effects of aviation accidents on public perception toward an airline Air and Water Transportation 11 2347 2362 Search in Google Scholar

Liu, X. (2020). Analysing the impact of user-generated content on B2B Firms’ stock performance: Big data analysis with machine learning methods. Industrial Marketing Management, 86, 30–39. Liu X. 2020 Analysing the impact of user-generated content on B2B Firms’ stock performance: Big data analysis with machine learning methods Industrial Marketing Management 86 30 39 Search in Google Scholar

Lou, C., Zhou, X., Huang, X., Qiu, C., & Mingquan, Y. (2023). Fostering consumer engagement during an omnipresent victim crisis: Understanding the role of values in pandemic-themed advertising. International Journal of Advertising, 42(5), 890–915. Lou C. Zhou X. Huang X. Qiu C. Mingquan Y. 2023 Fostering consumer engagement during an omnipresent victim crisis: Understanding the role of values in pandemic-themed advertising International Journal of Advertising 42 5 890 915 Search in Google Scholar

Macnamara, J. (2021). New insights into crisis communication from an “inside” emic perspective during COVID-19. Public Relations Inquiry, 10(2), 237–262. Macnamara J. 2021 New insights into crisis communication from an “inside” emic perspective during COVID-19 Public Relations Inquiry 10 2 237 262 Search in Google Scholar

Mangiò, F., Pedeliento, G., & Andreini, D. (2021). Branding rhetoric in times of a global pandemic: A text-mining analysis. Journal of Advertising, 50(3), 240–252. Mangiò F. Pedeliento G. Andreini D. 2021 Branding rhetoric in times of a global pandemic: A text-mining analysis Journal of Advertising 50 3 240 252 Search in Google Scholar

Maulana, N. (2020). Research trends in marketing science before COVID-19 outbreak: A literature review. Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 15(Special Issue), 514–533. Maulana N. 2020 Research trends in marketing science before COVID-19 outbreak: A literature review Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society 15 Special Issue 514 533 Search in Google Scholar

Mehta, S., Saxena, T., & Purohit, N. (2020). The new consumer behaviour paradigm amid COVID-19: Permanent or transient? Journal of Health Management, 22(2), 291–301. Mehta S. Saxena T. Purohit N. 2020 The new consumer behaviour paradigm amid COVID-19: Permanent or transient? Journal of Health Management 22 2 291 301 Search in Google Scholar

Mele, E., Filieri, R., & De Carlo, M. (2023). Pictures of a crisis. Destination marketing organizations’ Instagram communication before and during a global health crisis. Journal of Business Research, 163. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113931 Mele E. Filieri R. De Carlo M. 2023 Pictures of a crisis. Destination marketing organizations’ Instagram communication before and during a global health crisis Journal of Business Research 163 10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113931 Open DOI

Mohammad, S. M., & Turmey, P. D. (2013). Crowdsourcing a word-emotion association lexicon. Computational Intelligence, 29(3), 436–465. Mohammad S. M. Turmey P. D. 2013 Crowdsourcing a word-emotion association lexicon Computational Intelligence 29 3 436 465 Search in Google Scholar

Naurin, A. S., & Michel, L. (2023). Extracting marketing information from product reviews: A comparative study of latent semantic analysis and probabilistic latent semantic analysis. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 11, 662–676. Naurin A. S. Michel L. 2023 Extracting marketing information from product reviews: A comparative study of latent semantic analysis and probabilistic latent semantic analysis Journal of Marketing Analytics 11 662 676 Search in Google Scholar

Palakshappa, N., Dodds, S., & Bulmer, S. (2022). Cause for pause in retail service: A respond, reimagine, recover framework. Journal of Service Marketing, 36(4), 584–596. Palakshappa N. Dodds S. Bulmer S. 2022 Cause for pause in retail service: A respond, reimagine, recover framework Journal of Service Marketing 36 4 584 596 Search in Google Scholar

Parmelee, S. D., & Greer, C. F. (2023). Corporate responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by Fortune 500 companies. Public Relations Review, 49(1), 102285. Parmelee S. D. Greer C. F. 2023 Corporate responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by Fortune 500 companies Public Relations Review 49 1 102285 Search in Google Scholar

Păunescu , C., & Mátyus, E. (2020). Resilience measures to dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence from Romanian micro and small enterprises. Management & Marketing Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 15(Special Issue), 439–457. Păunescu C. Mátyus E. 2020 Resilience measures to dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence from Romanian micro and small enterprises Management & Marketing Challenges for the Knowledge Society 15 Special Issue 439 457 Search in Google Scholar

Reber, B. H., Yarbrough, C. R., Nowak, G., & Jin, Y. (2020). Complex and challenging crises: A call for solution. In Y. Jin, B. H. Reber, & G. J. Nowak (Eds.), Advancing crisis communication effectiveness: Integrating public relations scholarship with practice (1st ed., pp. 3–16). Routledge. Reber B. H. Yarbrough C. R. Nowak G. Jin Y. 2020 Complex and challenging crises: A call for solution In Jin Y. Reber B. H. Nowak G. J. (Eds.), Advancing crisis communication effectiveness: Integrating public relations scholarship with practice 1st ed. pp. 3 16 Routledge Search in Google Scholar

Roberts, M. E., Stewart, B. M., & Tingley, D. (2019). Stm: An R package for structural topic models. Journal of Statistical Software, 91(2), 1–40. Roberts M. E. Stewart B. M. Tingley D. 2019 Stm: An R package for structural topic models Journal of Statistical Software 91 2 1 40 Search in Google Scholar

Scheiwiller, S., & Zizka, L. (2021). Strategic responses by European airlines to the Covid-19 pandemic: A soft landing or turbulent ride? Journal of Air Transport Management, 95, 101863. Scheiwiller S. Zizka L. 2021 Strategic responses by European airlines to the Covid-19 pandemic: A soft landing or turbulent ride? Journal of Air Transport Management 95 101863 Search in Google Scholar

Sheth, J. N. (2022). Post-pandemic marketing: When the peripheral becomes the core. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 16(1), 37–44. Sheth J. N. 2022 Post-pandemic marketing: When the peripheral becomes the core Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 16 1 37 44 Search in Google Scholar

Sturges, D. L. (1994). Communicating through crisis: A strategy for organizational survival. Management Communication Quarterly, 7(3), 297–316. Sturges D. L. 1994 Communicating through crisis: A strategy for organizational survival Management Communication Quarterly 7 3 297 316 Search in Google Scholar

Swagato, C., Divesh, G., Atul, P., & Jiwan, S. (2021). Exploring healthcare/health-product ecommerce satisfaction: A text mining and machine learning application. Journal of Business Research, 131, 815–825. Swagato C. Divesh G. Atul P. Jiwan S. 2021 Exploring healthcare/health-product ecommerce satisfaction: A text mining and machine learning application Journal of Business Research 131 815 825 Search in Google Scholar

Tebessi, S., Cheikh, A. B., & Dali, M. (2024). Corporate social responsibility communication after COVID-19: What values for practical implementation of the SDGs? Qualitative Market Research, 27(4), 536–554. Tebessi S. Cheikh A. B. Dali M. 2024 Corporate social responsibility communication after COVID-19: What values for practical implementation of the SDGs? Qualitative Market Research 27 4 536 554 Search in Google Scholar

Tiwari, A., Das, P., Dubey, R. K., Kaur, T., Dixit, S. K., & Mandal, S. (2023). Does technology make start-ups resilient amidst COVID-19? A qualitative enquiry. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 26(4), 408–427. Tiwari A. Das P. Dubey R. K. Kaur T. Dixit S. K. Mandal S. 2023 Does technology make start-ups resilient amidst COVID-19? A qualitative enquiry Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 26 4 408 427 Search in Google Scholar

Trump, R. K., & Newman, K. P. (2017). When do unethical brand perceptions spill over to competitors? Marketing Letters, 28, 219–230. Trump R. K. Newman K. P. 2017 When do unethical brand perceptions spill over to competitors? Marketing Letters 28 219 230 Search in Google Scholar

Verhoeven, P., Tench, R., Zerfass, A., Moreno, A., & Verčič, D. (2014). Crisis? What crisis?: How European professionals handle crises and crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 40(1), 107–109. Verhoeven P. Tench R. Zerfass A. Moreno A. Verčič D. 2014 Crisis? What crisis?: How European professionals handle crises and crisis communication Public Relations Review 40 1 107 109 Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Y., Zhang, M., Li, S., McLeay, F., & Gupta, S. (2021). Corporate responses to the coronavirus crisis and their impact on electronic-word-of-mouth and trust recovery: Evidence from social media. British Journal of Management, 32(4), 1184–1202. Wang Y. Zhang M. Li S. McLeay F. Gupta S. 2021 Corporate responses to the coronavirus crisis and their impact on electronic-word-of-mouth and trust recovery: Evidence from social media British Journal of Management 32 4 1184 1202 Search in Google Scholar

Wenzel, M., Stanske, S., & Lieberman, M. B. (2020). Strategic responses to crisis. Strategic Management Journal, 41, V7–V18. Wenzel M. Stanske S. Lieberman M. B. 2020 Strategic responses to crisis Strategic Management Journal 41 V7 V18 Search in Google Scholar

Whitler, K. A., Besharat, A., & Kashmiri, S. (2021). Exogenous brand crises: Brand infection and contamination. Marketing Letters, 32, 129–133. Whitler K. A. Besharat A. Kashmiri S. 2021 Exogenous brand crises: Brand infection and contamination Marketing Letters 32 129 133 Search in Google Scholar

Wickham, H., Chang, W., Henry, L., Pedersen, T. L., Takahashi, K., Wilke, C., & van den Brand, T. (2024). ‘Ggplot2’: Create elegant data visualisations using the grammar of graphics. doi: 10.32614/CRAN.package.ggplot2. Wickham H. Chang W. Henry L. Pedersen T. L. Takahashi K. Wilke C. van den Brand T. 2024 ‘Ggplot2’: Create elegant data visualisations using the grammar of graphics 10.32614/CRAN.package.ggplot2 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Yousefi, D. Z., Nastaran, H., & Rouhani, S. (2020). User response to e-WOM in social networks: How to predict a content influence in Twitter. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, 14(1), 91–111. Yousefi D. Z. Nastaran H. Rouhani S. 2020 User response to e-WOM in social networks: How to predict a content influence in Twitter International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising 14 1 91 111 Search in Google Scholar

Yu, M., Cheng, M., Yang, L., & Yu, Z. (2022). Hotel guest satisfaction during COVID-19 outbreak: The moderating role of crsis response strategy. Tourism Management, 93, 104618. Yu M. Cheng M. Yang L. Yu Z. 2022 Hotel guest satisfaction during COVID-19 outbreak: The moderating role of crsis response strategy Tourism Management 93 104618 Search in Google Scholar

Zizka, L., & Chen, M. M. (2024). “Sanitary measures, social distancing, safety”: The evolution of Swiss hoteilers’ COVID-19 communication through three snapshots. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 24(3), 463–478. Zizka L. Chen M. M. 2024 “Sanitary measures, social distancing, safety”: The evolution of Swiss hoteilers’ COVID-19 communication through three snapshots Tourism and Hospitality Research 24 3 463 478 Search in Google Scholar