Open Access

The first complete genome sequence and genetic evolution analysis of bovine norovirus in Xinjiang, China

Zhigang Ma
Zhigang Ma
, 
Qian Jiang
Qian Jiang
, 
Chenxi Quan
Chenxi Quan
, 
Lu Liu
Lu Liu
, 
Zhonghua Zhang
Zhonghua Zhang
, 
Jinxing Xie
Jinxing Xie
, 
Lu Zhao
Lu Zhao
, 
Qi Zhong
Qi Zhong
, 
Gang Yao
Gang Yao
 and 
Xuelian Ma
Xuelian Ma
   | Mar 23, 2024
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Published Online: Mar 23, 2024
Page range: 1 - 8
Received: Feb 13, 2023
Accepted: Jan 25, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0005
Keywords
© 2024 Zhigang Ma et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1.

Phylogenetic tree of bovine norovirus. Black triangle – isolate obtained in this study; scale bar – nucleotide substitutions
Phylogenetic tree of bovine norovirus. Black triangle – isolate obtained in this study; scale bar – nucleotide substitutions

Fig. 2.

Amino-acid mutation of the VP1 protein of bovine norovirus blue – P2 subdomain; green – P1 subdomain; pink – S domain
Amino-acid mutation of the VP1 protein of bovine norovirus blue – P2 subdomain; green – P1 subdomain; pink – S domain

Fig. 3.

Bovine norovirus VP1 protein 3D model a – VP1 protein 3D models obtained in this study and superposition of the Bo/XJ-TC/01/CHN isolate VP1 protein on that of Bo/XJ-KS/02/CHN; b – superposition of the Bo/XJ-TC/01/CHN VP1 protein on that of MN122335, and of the Bo/XJ-KS/02/CHN VP1 protein on that of MZ573179; c – GIII.1 genotype VP1 protein, superposition of the Bo/XJ-TC/01/CHN VP1 protein on that of the GIII.1 genotype, and superposition of the Bo/XJ-KS/02/CHN VP1 protein on that of the GIII.1 genotype; mid-blue – P2 subdomain; mid-green – P1 subdomain; brown – S domain; black arrows – structural differences
Bovine norovirus VP1 protein 3D model a – VP1 protein 3D models obtained in this study and superposition of the Bo/XJ-TC/01/CHN isolate VP1 protein on that of Bo/XJ-KS/02/CHN; b – superposition of the Bo/XJ-TC/01/CHN VP1 protein on that of MN122335, and of the Bo/XJ-KS/02/CHN VP1 protein on that of MZ573179; c – GIII.1 genotype VP1 protein, superposition of the Bo/XJ-TC/01/CHN VP1 protein on that of the GIII.1 genotype, and superposition of the Bo/XJ-KS/02/CHN VP1 protein on that of the GIII.1 genotype; mid-blue – P2 subdomain; mid-green – P1 subdomain; brown – S domain; black arrows – structural differences

Sequence similarity comparison of reference sequences of bovine norovirus with the isolated Bo/XJ-KS/02CHN strain

N/AA (%) MN122335.1 MK159169.1 OK032546.2 EU794907.1 MN480761.1 MZ573179.1 NC029645.1 AF097917.5 AY126474.2
Complete genome 93.06/98.19 86.25/94.83 85.84/90.56 84.97/95.50 93.46/98.19 93.70/98.37 86.6/95.940 85.46/95.76 85.33/95.57
ORF1 P48 93.81/96.96 93.01/96.35 94.02/97.26 81.68/89.97 94.22/97.26 93.52/97.57 84.40/93.31 81.05/91.19 82.14/91.19
NTPase 93.74/99.17 93.65/99.17 94.20/99.45 84.90/98.62 94.57/100 94.66/99.72 86.00/98.62 87.38/98.90 85.82/99.17
p22 91.85/97.83 92.21/98.91 92.39/97.83 85.35/97.25 89.41/94.57 93.12/97.83 86.31/96.72 84.22/97.25 86.28/97.25
VPg 95.08/99.18 94.54/98.36 94.81/97.54 83.88/94.26 93.72/100 92.90/97.54 88.71/95.87 85.21/95.08 84.25/94.21
Pro 94.27/99.44 94.29/99.45 93.92/100 85.27/98.34 97.24/100 95.21/100 86.74/97.79 86.56/98.34 85.82/98.34
RdRp 94.66/99.41 94.73/99.41 93.74/98.62 86.76/97.63 94.66/99.41 94.66/98.81 89.53/98.81 85.97/97.63 86.17/97.43
ORF2 VP1 91.39/96.74 69.78/70.36 68.39/70.36 85.59/94.83 92.10/97.51 92.93/98.28 85.91/94.25 86.93/94.25 86.11/94.83
ORF3 VP2 91.69/96.76 92.77/96.62 66.62/63.43 84.62/93.06 91.54/96.76 91.69/97.22 84.92/92.13 84.92/93.46 85.56/92.13

Rate of infection with bovine norovirus among calves under three months old in Xinjiang, China

Season Region Total (n=974)
Spring(n=274) Summer(n=311) Autumn(n=166) Winter(n=226) Tacheng(n=15) Bortara(n=153) IlI(n=188) Kashga(n=424) Urumuq(n=44) Changji(n=150)
25 (9.12%) 64 (20.58%) 73 (43.98%) 31 (13.72%) 9 (60%) 20 (13.07%) 51 (27.13%) 92 (21.70%) 2 (4.55%) 19 (12.67%) 193 (19.82%)

Sequence similarity comparison of reference sequences of bovine norovirus with the isolated Bo/XJ-TC/01/CHN strain

N/AA (%) MN122335.1 MK159169.1 OK032546.2 EU794907.1 MN480761.1 MZ573179.1 NC029645.1 AF097917.5 AY126474.2
Complete genome 93.48/96.78 92.40/90.57 86.60/90.64 84.88/95.06 92.81/97.35 92.74/97.60 86.36/95.42 85.45/95.41 84.97/95.38
ORF1 P48 95.03/96.66 93.62/96.05 95.04/96.96 80.79/88.75 93.41/96.96 93.11/97.26 83.79/93.31 81.19/90.58 81.26/90.58
NTPase 93.55/98.34 93.28/97.79 95.30/98.62 84.16/97.51 93.74/98.62 93.46/98.34 85.36/97.24 85.45/97.79 84.44/98.07
p22 91.85/97.28 93.48/98.37 94.20/97.28 85.71/97.80 89.05/94.57 92.21/98.37 84.31/96.17 84.22/97.80 85.90/96.70
VPg 94.81/97.54 94.26/97.54 93.44/96.72 82.51/93.44 94.54/98.36 91.53/95.90 88.80/95.87 83.84/94.26 83.29/93.39
Pro 94.09/98.89 95.03/99.45 94.11/99.45 85.58/98.34 94.48/99.45 94.11/99.45 85.56/97.24 87.43/98.34 87.29/98.34
RdRp 94.80/99.20 95.13/99.20 94.40/98.41 87.17/97.61 93.87/99.20 93.81/99.00 88.47/98.80 86.77/97.61 85.51/97.41
ORF2 VP1 92.22/97.89 79.37/71.32 69.02/70.94 85.85/95.79 91.78/96.74 91.20/97.13 86.93/94.44 87.76/94.83 86.62/95.98
ORF3 VP2 91.55/94.44 69.30/64.81 67.88/65.74 85.25/91.20 91.72/94.91 91.86/95.37 86.33/90.28 84.49/92.06 85.43/92.59
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