A case study for a transformational festival creation in Lourinhã, Portugal

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Festival studies - researched works by theme (own elaboration)

Theme	Authors
Festival tourism	Cudny (2016); Cudny (2013); Falassi (1987); Getz & Page (2016); Getz (2010); Getz (2008); Mohr (2017); Quinn (2006); Tighe (1986); Tighe (1985).
The core phenomenon: experiences and meanings	Biaett (2013); Getz & Page (2016); Getz (2010); Getz (2008); Hastings (2015); Morgan (2007); Turner (1974).
Political and social/cultural meanings and discourse; social change	Crespi-Vallbona & Richards (2007); Getz (2008); Gotham (2005); Jackson (1988); Quinn (2003); Sharpe (2008); Waterman (1998).
Authenticity (identity, commercialisation, commodification)	Biaett (2013); Chhabra (2005); Chhabra, Healy & Sills (2003); Cohen (1988); Elias-Varotsis (2006); Getz (2008); Matheson (2005).
Community, culture, place identity, and attachment	Davis & Martin (2014); De Bres & Davis (2001); Derrett (2003); Getz (2010).
Communitas, social cohesion, sociability	Biaett (2013); Hastings (2015); Matheson (2005); Turner (1974); Turner (1969).
Festivity, liminality, the carnivalesque	Abrahams (1987); Biaett (2015); Flinn & Frew (2013); Getz (2010); Getz (2008); Ravenscroft & Matteucci (2003); Turner (1983); Turner (1974).
Rites and rituals; religion	Abrahams (1987); Addo (2009); Falassi (1987); Nygren (2007); Turner (1974).
Pilgrimage	Getz & Page (2016); Matthews (2016); Nolan & Nolan (1992).
Myths and symbols	Bottorff (2015); Quinn (2003); Turner (1974); Turner (1969).
Spectacle	Addo (2009); Crespi-Vallbona & Richards (2007); Gotham (2005).
Motivations and constraints	Reic (2017).

Transformational festivals theoretical support – main works by theme (own elaboration)

Theme		Authors
The core phenomenon	Concept	TEDxTalks (2011); Mohr (2017); Ruane (2017); Taylor (2015).
	Transformation	Bannerman (2016); Bottorff (2015); Mohr (2017); St. John & Baldini (2012).
	Transformational experiences	Bannerman (2016); Bottorff (2015); Mohr (2017); Reic (2017); Taylor (2015).
Political and social/cultural meanings and discourses; social change		Bannerman (2016); Connell (n.d.); Howard (2014); Mohr (2017); Taylor (2015); Yeganegy (2012).
Authenticity (identity, commercialisation, commodification)		Flinn & Frew (2013); Gauthier (2013); Ruane (2017); St. John (2015); Yeganegy (2012).
Community, culture, place identity and attachment		Bannerman (2016); Mohr (2017); St. John (2015); Taylor (2015).
Communitas, social cohesion, sociability		Bannerman (2016); Hastings (2015); Mohr (2017); St. John (2015).
Festivity, liminality, the carnivalesque		Biaett (2015); Flinn & Frew (2013); Gauthier (2013); St. John (2015); St. John & Baldini (2012); St. John (2011); Yeganegy (2012).
Rites and rituals; religion		Bannerman (2016); Bottorff (2015); Gauthier (2013); Hastings (2015); Mohr (2017); Ruane (2017); St. John & Baldini (2012); Yeganegy (2012).
Pilgrimage		Mohr (2017); St. John & Baldini (2012); Bottorff (2015); Yeganegy (2012).
Myths and symbols		Bottorff (2015); Flinn & Frew (2013); Taylor (2015).
Spectacle		Bannerman (2016); Mohr (2017); Schmidt (2015); St. John & Baldini (2012); Yeganegy (2012).
Motivations		Bennett, Taylor & Woodward (2016); Bottorff (2015); Gauthier (2013); Hastings (2015); Mohr (2017); St. John (2015); St. John & Baldini (2012); Yeganegy (2012).

Artistics’ critical success factors (own elaboration)

CSF	A - NA	Chi-square(X2 (1))	p	Mdn(A - NA)	Mann-Whitney(U)	p
Alternatives to new experiences/alternative activities
Overnight stay/accommodation conditions	3.4%–0.0%	8.815	0.003	160.88–155.5	7112	0.003
Event quality
Value
Spirit
Festival philosophy
Festival ideology
Environmental logistics
Message that transmits	1.7%–0.0%	4.393	0.036	158.69–156	7239	0.036
Cultural offer
Temporal period
Beach
Noise

Ravers’ critical success factors (own elaboration)

CSF	R - NR	Chi-square (X2 (1))	p	Mdn (R - NR)	Mann-Whitney (U)	p
The option of preference at the moment	7.1%–0.0%	21.354	0.000	167.14–156	1937	0.000
Organisation	7.1%–0.7%	5.881	0.015	166.14–156.05	1951	0.015

Generation X’s critical success factors (own elaboration)

CSF	X - NX	Chi-square(X2 (1))	p	Mdn(X - NX)	Mann-Whitney(U)	p
Venue commodities
Fewer people than big festivals
Offer	5.9%–0.0%	17.409	0.000	165.18–156	2360	0.000
Possibility to see all the artists and not simultaneously
Show type
Availability
Landscape	5.9%–0.3%	7.755	0.005	164.68–156.03	2368.5	0.005
Musicians
Organisation	5.9%–0.7%	4.572	0.033	164.18–156.06	2377	0.033

Spiritualists’ critical success factors (own elaboration)

CSF	S - NS	Chi-square(X2 (1))	p	Mdn(S - NS)	Mann-Whitney(U)	p
Alternatives to new experiences/alternative activities	4.3%–0.0%	11.349	0.001	162.14–155.5	5962.5	0.001
Outdoor space – welcoming	4.3%–0.4%	6.304	0.012	161.64–155.59	5986	0.012
Food conditions
Party
Personal taste
Organisation image
Informality
Message that transmits	2.1%–0.0%	5.656	0.017	159.32–156	6095	0.018
Where one feels at home
Temporal period
Performers
Being outside the box
Show type
Costs	4.3%–0.8%	3.865	0.049	161.14–155.68	6009.5	0.05

Hippies’ critical success factors (own elaboration)

CSF	H – NH	Chi-square(X2 (1))	p	Mdn(H – NH)	Mann-Whitney(U)	p
Food conditions
Festival philosophy
Festival ideology
Rural location	7.1%–0.0%	21.354	0.000	167.14–156.05	1937	0.000
Option of preference at the moment
Local sustainability
AccessibilityMusicians	7.1%–0.3%	9.729	0.002	166.64–156.02	1944	0.002
Toilet conditions	7.1%–0.7%	5.881	0.015	166.14–156.05	1951	0.015
Music/musical offer	35.7%–14.8%	4.433	0.035	187.71–155.03	1649	0.036
Conditions	7.1%–1.0%	3.978	0.046	165.64–156.07	1958	0.046