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A case study for a transformational festival creation in Lourinhã, Portugal

João Malho Ferreira Ribeiro de Carvalho
João Malho Ferreira Ribeiro de Carvalho
, 
Nuno Gustavo
Nuno Gustavo
 e 
Victor Afonso
Victor Afonso
   | 31 dic 2022
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Article Category: Research Article
Pubblicato online: 31 dic 2022
Pagine: 46 - 60
Ricevuto: 15 nov 2020
Accettato: 12 dic 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ejthr-2022-0003
Parole chiave
© 2022 João Malho Ferreira Ribeiro de Carvalho et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Research scheme (own elaboration)
Research scheme (own elaboration)

Figure 2:

H1 – Participation abroad by TF participation (own elaboration)
H1 – Participation abroad by TF participation (own elaboration)

Figure 3:

H1 – TF participation by external participation (own elaboration)
H1 – TF participation by external participation (own elaboration)

Figure 4:

H2 – Brand rejection by TF participation (own elaboration)
H2 – Brand rejection by TF participation (own elaboration)

Figure 5:

H2 – Brand rejection by TF participation (own elaboration)
H2 – Brand rejection by TF participation (own elaboration)

Figure 6:

H3 – Venue preference by TF participation (own elaboration)
H3 – Venue preference by TF participation (own elaboration)

Figure 7:

H3 – Venue preference by TF participation (own elaboration)
H3 – Venue preference by TF participation (own elaboration)

Figure 8:

H4 – Electronic music preference by TF participation (own elaboration)
H4 – Electronic music preference by TF participation (own elaboration)

Figure 9:

Participation in TF by stereotype identification (own elaboration)
Participation in TF by stereotype identification (own elaboration)

Figure 10:

H6 – Transformational festivals CSF (own elaboration)
H6 – Transformational festivals CSF (own elaboration)

Festival studies - researched works by theme (own elaboration)

Theme Authors
Festival tourism Cudny (2016); Cudny (2013); Falassi (1987); Getz & Page (2016); Getz (2010); Getz (2008); Mohr (2017); Quinn (2006); Tighe (1986); Tighe (1985).
The core phenomenon: experiences and meanings Biaett (2013); Getz & Page (2016); Getz (2010); Getz (2008); Hastings (2015); Morgan (2007); Turner (1974).
Political and social/cultural meanings and discourse; social change Crespi-Vallbona & Richards (2007); Getz (2008); Gotham (2005); Jackson (1988); Quinn (2003); Sharpe (2008); Waterman (1998).
Authenticity (identity, commercialisation, commodification) Biaett (2013); Chhabra (2005); Chhabra, Healy & Sills (2003); Cohen (1988); Elias-Varotsis (2006); Getz (2008); Matheson (2005).
Community, culture, place identity, and attachment Davis & Martin (2014); De Bres & Davis (2001); Derrett (2003); Getz (2010).
Communitas, social cohesion, sociability Biaett (2013); Hastings (2015); Matheson (2005); Turner (1974); Turner (1969).
Festivity, liminality, the carnivalesque Abrahams (1987); Biaett (2015); Flinn & Frew (2013); Getz (2010); Getz (2008); Ravenscroft & Matteucci (2003); Turner (1983); Turner (1974).
Rites and rituals; religion Abrahams (1987); Addo (2009); Falassi (1987); Nygren (2007); Turner (1974).
Pilgrimage Getz & Page (2016); Matthews (2016); Nolan & Nolan (1992).
Myths and symbols Bottorff (2015); Quinn (2003); Turner (1974); Turner (1969).
Spectacle Addo (2009); Crespi-Vallbona & Richards (2007); Gotham (2005).
Motivations and constraints Reic (2017).

Transformational festivals theoretical support – main works by theme (own elaboration)

Theme Authors
The core phenomenon Concept TEDxTalks (2011); Mohr (2017); Ruane (2017); Taylor (2015).
Transformation Bannerman (2016); Bottorff (2015); Mohr (2017); St. John & Baldini (2012).
Transformational experiences Bannerman (2016); Bottorff (2015); Mohr (2017); Reic (2017); Taylor (2015).
Political and social/cultural meanings and discourses; social change Bannerman (2016); Connell (n.d.); Howard (2014); Mohr (2017); Taylor (2015); Yeganegy (2012).
Authenticity (identity, commercialisation, commodification) Flinn & Frew (2013); Gauthier (2013); Ruane (2017); St. John (2015); Yeganegy (2012).
Community, culture, place identity and attachment Bannerman (2016); Mohr (2017); St. John (2015); Taylor (2015).
Communitas, social cohesion, sociability Bannerman (2016); Hastings (2015); Mohr (2017); St. John (2015).
Festivity, liminality, the carnivalesque Biaett (2015); Flinn & Frew (2013); Gauthier (2013); St. John (2015); St. John & Baldini (2012); St. John (2011); Yeganegy (2012).
Rites and rituals; religion Bannerman (2016); Bottorff (2015); Gauthier (2013); Hastings (2015); Mohr (2017); Ruane (2017); St. John & Baldini (2012); Yeganegy (2012).
Pilgrimage Mohr (2017); St. John & Baldini (2012); Bottorff (2015); Yeganegy (2012).
Myths and symbols Bottorff (2015); Flinn & Frew (2013); Taylor (2015).
Spectacle Bannerman (2016); Mohr (2017); Schmidt (2015); St. John & Baldini (2012); Yeganegy (2012).
Motivations Bennett, Taylor & Woodward (2016); Bottorff (2015); Gauthier (2013); Hastings (2015); Mohr (2017); St. John (2015); St. John & Baldini (2012); Yeganegy (2012).

Artistics’ critical success factors (own elaboration)

CSF A - NA Chi-square(X2 (1)) p Mdn(A - NA) Mann-Whitney(U) p
Alternatives to new experiences/alternative activities
Overnight stay/accommodation conditions 3.4%–0.0% 8.815 0.003 160.88–155.5 7112 0.003
Event quality
Value
Spirit
Festival philosophy
Festival ideology
Environmental logistics
Message that transmits 1.7%–0.0% 4.393 0.036 158.69–156 7239 0.036
Cultural offer
Temporal period
Beach
Noise

Ravers’ critical success factors (own elaboration)

CSF R - NR Chi-square (X2 (1)) p Mdn (R - NR) Mann-Whitney (U) p
The option of preference at the moment 7.1%–0.0% 21.354 0.000 167.14–156 1937 0.000
Organisation 7.1%–0.7% 5.881 0.015 166.14–156.05 1951 0.015

Generation X’s critical success factors (own elaboration)

CSF X - NX Chi-square(X2 (1)) p Mdn(X - NX) Mann-Whitney(U) p
Venue commodities
Fewer people than big festivals
Offer 5.9%–0.0% 17.409 0.000 165.18–156 2360 0.000
Possibility to see all the artists and not simultaneously
Show type
Availability
Landscape 5.9%–0.3% 7.755 0.005 164.68–156.03 2368.5 0.005
Musicians
Organisation 5.9%–0.7% 4.572 0.033 164.18–156.06 2377 0.033

Spiritualists’ critical success factors (own elaboration)

CSF S - NS Chi-square(X2 (1)) p Mdn(S - NS) Mann-Whitney(U) p
Alternatives to new experiences/alternative activities 4.3%–0.0% 11.349 0.001 162.14–155.5 5962.5 0.001
Outdoor space – welcoming 4.3%–0.4% 6.304 0.012 161.64–155.59 5986 0.012
Food conditions
Party
Personal taste
Organisation image
Informality
Message that transmits 2.1%–0.0% 5.656 0.017 159.32–156 6095 0.018
Where one feels at home
Temporal period
Performers
Being outside the box
Show type
Costs 4.3%–0.8% 3.865 0.049 161.14–155.68 6009.5 0.05

Hippies’ critical success factors (own elaboration)

CSF H – NH Chi-square(X2 (1)) p Mdn(H – NH) Mann-Whitney(U) p
Food conditions
Festival philosophy
Festival ideology
Rural location 7.1%–0.0% 21.354 0.000 167.14–156.05 1937 0.000
Option of preference at the moment
Local sustainability
AccessibilityMusicians 7.1%–0.3% 9.729 0.002 166.64–156.02 1944 0.002
Toilet conditions 7.1%–0.7% 5.881 0.015 166.14–156.05 1951 0.015
Music/musical offer 35.7%–14.8% 4.433 0.035 187.71–155.03 1649 0.036
Conditions 7.1%–1.0% 3.978 0.046 165.64–156.07 1958 0.046
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