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Behavioral and histopathological studies of cervical spinal cord contusion injury in rats caused by an adapted weight-drop device

Kanyaratana Bamrungsuk

Kanyaratana Bamrungsuk

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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Bamrungsuk, Kanyaratana
, 
Anchalee Vattarakorn

Anchalee Vattarakorn

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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Vattarakorn, Anchalee
, 
Namphung Thongta

Namphung Thongta

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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Thongta, Namphung
, 
Kanokwan Tilokskulchai

Kanokwan Tilokskulchai

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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Tilokskulchai, Kanokwan
, 
Sompol Tapechum

Sompol Tapechum

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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Tapechum, Sompol
 and 
Supin Chompoopong

Supin Chompoopong

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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Chompoopong, Supin
  
Sep 25, 2019
Behavioral and histopathological studies of cervical spinal cord contusion injury in rats caused by an adapted weight-drop device's Cover Image
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Article Category: Technical report
Published Online: Sep 25, 2019
Page range: 189 - 198
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/abm-2019-0019
Keywords
© 2018 Kanyaratana Bamrungsuk et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

Adapted weight-drop device used to cause hemicontusion spinal cord injury (A, B). The metal rod was applied to the right side (Rt) of the C5 spinal cord (C, D). The spinal column was stabilized by rigidly clamping the vertebral body at C2 and the spinous process of the C7 vertebra with toothed forceps that were connected to supporting arms of an instrument stand (E)
Adapted weight-drop device used to cause hemicontusion spinal cord injury (A, B). The metal rod was applied to the right side (Rt) of the C5 spinal cord (C, D). The spinal column was stabilized by rigidly clamping the vertebral body at C2 and the spinous process of the C7 vertebra with toothed forceps that were connected to supporting arms of an instrument stand (E)

Figure 2

Forepaw placements were categorized as follows: correct placement, touch, slip, or miss (A). Five types of forepaw placement were recorded when the rats attempted to place the palm of their paw directly onto the rung (B)
Forepaw placements were categorized as follows: correct placement, touch, slip, or miss (A). Five types of forepaw placement were recorded when the rats attempted to place the palm of their paw directly onto the rung (B)

Figure 3

Normal forepaw on the contralateral side of the Sprague Dawley rats (A) and clubbed forepaw on the ipsilateral side (B) after right side hemicontusion of the spinal cord at the level of the C5 vertebra
Normal forepaw on the contralateral side of the Sprague Dawley rats (A) and clubbed forepaw on the ipsilateral side (B) after right side hemicontusion of the spinal cord at the level of the C5 vertebra

Figure 4

Comparison of adhesive paper (sticker) removal time. For the rats with MSCI (open circles, dashed line) and SSCIS (inverted solid triangles, unbroken line), the time for removing the sticker was increased and there was a significant somatosensory deficit only on days 3 and 7, but not after day 14 when compared with rats in the sham (laminectomy only) group (solid circles, dashed and dotted line). *P < 0.05 when compared to day 1. #P < 0.05 when compared with the SH group. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean
Comparison of adhesive paper (sticker) removal time. For the rats with MSCI (open circles, dashed line) and SSCIS (inverted solid triangles, unbroken line), the time for removing the sticker was increased and there was a significant somatosensory deficit only on days 3 and 7, but not after day 14 when compared with rats in the sham (laminectomy only) group (solid circles, dashed and dotted line). *P < 0.05 when compared to day 1. #P < 0.05 when compared with the SH group. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean

Figure 5

Effect of injury severity on skilled locomotion. The forepaw placement (arrows) is presented as correct placement (A), slip (B), and miss (C). The error scored (D) and the percentage of total rungs used (E) increased significantly on day 3 in rats with MSCI (open circles, dashed lines) and SSCI (inverted solid triangles, dashed and dotted lines). Rats with SSCI showed a significantly higher error and number of rungs used on all days tested compared with rats in the SH group (solid circles, unbroken lines). The percentage of correct forelimb placement (F) by rats with MSCI and SSCI decreased significantly on day 3. Rats with SSCI showed significantly less correct placement than rats with MSCI or SH. *P < 0.05 when compared with day 1. #P < 0.05 compared with rats in the SH group. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean
Effect of injury severity on skilled locomotion. The forepaw placement (arrows) is presented as correct placement (A), slip (B), and miss (C). The error scored (D) and the percentage of total rungs used (E) increased significantly on day 3 in rats with MSCI (open circles, dashed lines) and SSCI (inverted solid triangles, dashed and dotted lines). Rats with SSCI showed a significantly higher error and number of rungs used on all days tested compared with rats in the SH group (solid circles, unbroken lines). The percentage of correct forelimb placement (F) by rats with MSCI and SSCI decreased significantly on day 3. Rats with SSCI showed significantly less correct placement than rats with MSCI or SH. *P < 0.05 when compared with day 1. #P < 0.05 compared with rats in the SH group. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean

Figure 6

Distributions of types of forepaw placement expressed as percentage on each day. Rats in the sham injury group (laminectomy only) placed their paws 100% normally or Type I (solid circles, unbroken line) on all days of the experiment (A). Rats with mild spinal cord injury (MSCI) showed recovered placement or Type II (open circles, dotted line) by day 7 and more frequent recovered placement than rats with severe spinal cord injury (SSCI) (B). Rats with SSCI showed forearm placement or Type V (solid square, long dashed line) on day 3 and more frequently than in rats with MSCI (C). Type III (inverted solid triangle, short dashed line), Type IV (open triangle, dotted and dashed line). Error bars indicate standard error of the mean
Distributions of types of forepaw placement expressed as percentage on each day. Rats in the sham injury group (laminectomy only) placed their paws 100% normally or Type I (solid circles, unbroken line) on all days of the experiment (A). Rats with mild spinal cord injury (MSCI) showed recovered placement or Type II (open circles, dotted line) by day 7 and more frequent recovered placement than rats with severe spinal cord injury (SSCI) (B). Rats with SSCI showed forearm placement or Type V (solid square, long dashed line) on day 3 and more frequently than in rats with MSCI (C). Type III (inverted solid triangle, short dashed line), Type IV (open triangle, dotted and dashed line). Error bars indicate standard error of the mean

Figure 7

Comparison of histopathological changes demonstrated by Luxol Fast Blue counterstained with hematoxylin and eosin in the rats with sham (laminectomy only) injury (SH), mild spinal cord injury (MSCI), and severe SCI (SSCI). The transverse sections of the spinal cord at C5 showing the dorsal horn (A), white matter (B), and ventral horn (C). MSCI and SSCI showing an intact dura mater and external surface the spinal tissue. The cystic cavity (asterisks) in rats with SSCI was larger than that in rats with MSCI. Scale bars represent 400 μm
Comparison of histopathological changes demonstrated by Luxol Fast Blue counterstained with hematoxylin and eosin in the rats with sham (laminectomy only) injury (SH), mild spinal cord injury (MSCI), and severe SCI (SSCI). The transverse sections of the spinal cord at C5 showing the dorsal horn (A), white matter (B), and ventral horn (C). MSCI and SSCI showing an intact dura mater and external surface the spinal tissue. The cystic cavity (asterisks) in rats with SSCI was larger than that in rats with MSCI. Scale bars represent 400 μm
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