<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Besides effects on economic well-being, migration of people with distant cultural backgrounds may also have large effects on people’s cultural identity. In this paper, the identity economics of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="j_izajodm-2019-0001_ref_003_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b8b3Aa">Akerlof and Kranton (2000)</xref> is applied to migration. Accordingly, it is assumed that the utility of both the immigrants and the native population encompasses economic well-being and cultural identity. The migration effect on cultural identity depends, among others, on the distance between cultures. In a simple immigration game it is shown that immigrants may prefer to live rather in diaspora communities than to integrate into the host countries’ culture. This subgame-perfect equilibrium choice of immigrants seems the more likely the greater the cultural distance between their country of origin and the destination country is. Among the available policy instruments, restrictions on the freedom of movement and settlement of immigrants may be the most effective way to prevent the setup of large diaspora communities. For young immigrants and later generations of immigrants, integration via compulsory schooling is the most important policy. In general, cultural, religious and social institutions may support integration.</abstract>

Migration, Cultural Identity and Diasporas An Identity Economics Approach

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">A growing wage gap between immigrant and native-born workers is well documented and is a fundamental policy issue in Canada. It is quite possible that wage differences, commonly attributed to the lower quality of foreign credentials or the deficiency in the accreditation of these credentials, merely reflect lower wage offers that immigrant workers receive due to risk aversion among local firms facing an elevated degree of asymmetric information. Using the 2006 and 2011 population censuses, this paper empirically investigates the effects of wage bargaining in labor markets on the wage gap between foreign- and Canadian-educated workers. Our results imply that a significant part of the wage gap between foreign-educated and Canadian-educated immigrant (and native-born) workers is not driven by the employers’ risk aversion but by differences in human capital endowments and occupational matching quality.</abstract>

Asymmetric Information and the Discount on Foreign-Acquired Degrees in Canada

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The policy debate surrounding the employment of immigrant workers in U.S. agriculture centers around the extent to which immigrant farmworkers adversely affect the economic opportunities of native farmworkers. To help answer this question, we propose a three-layer nested constant elasticity of substitution (CES) framework to investigate the substitutability among heterogeneous farmworker groups based on age, skill, and legal status utilizing National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS) data from 1989 through 2012. We use farmwork experience and type of task performed as alternative proxies for skill to disentangle the substitution effect between U.S. citizens, authorized immigrants, and unauthorized immigrant farmworkers. Results show that substitutability between the three legal status groups is small; neither authorized nor unauthorized immigrant farmworkers have a significant impact on the employment of native farmworkers.</abstract>

Substitution between Immigrant and Native Farmworkers in the United States: Does Legal Status Matter?

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Policymakers typically try to address youth unemployment in developing countries through either active labor market programs (ALMPs) or labor-intensive public works programs (LIPWs). We examine whether there is any additional benefit for unemployed youth from participating in a comprehensive ALMP compared to a LIPW. We exploit an unanticipated intervention in the largest employment program in Papua New Guinea, which resulted in one intake of the program completing a LIPW and missing out on a comprehensive ALMP. We conduct a difference-in-difference analysis between participants in the intake that missed out on the ALMP component of the program and participants in the intakes immediately before and after. In contrast to most impact evaluations of ALMPs, we show youth that completed the comprehensive ALMP were around twice as likely to be employed in the formal sector 9–12 months after the program compared to similar youth in the intake that only completed a LIWP. This effect was entirely driven by 20% of youth who participated in the ALMP staying with the employer they were placed with following the end of the program. Surveys of these employers illustrate that they use the ALMP as a low-cost, low-risk, and relatively low-effort way of hiring new employees.</abstract>

The Marginal Benefit of an Active Labor Market Program Relative to a Public Works Program: Evidence from Papua New Guinea

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This paper examines the labor market trajectories of refugees who arrived in Belgium between 1999 and 2009. Belgium offers a relatively easy formal labor market access to refugees and other types of migrants but they face many other barriers in this strongly regulated and institutionalized labor market. Based on a longitudinal dataset that links respondents’ information from the Belgian Labor Force Survey with comprehensive social security data on their work histories, we estimate discrete-time hazard models to analyze refugees’ entry into and exit out of the first employment spell, contrasting their outcomes with family and labor migrants of the same arrival cohort. The analysis shows that refugees take significantly longer to enter their first employment spell as compared with other migrant groups. They also run a greater risk of exiting out of their first employment spell (back) into social assistance and into unemployment. The low employment rates of refugees are thus not only due to a slow integration process upon arrival, but also reflect a disproportional risk of exiting the labor market after a period in work. Our findings indicate that helping refugees into a first job is not sufficient to ensure labor market participation in the long run, because these jobs may be short-lived. Instead, our results provide clear arguments in favor of policies that support sustainable labor market integration.</abstract>

Double Jeopardy: How Refugees Fare in One European Labor Market

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 14 (2023): Issue 1 (January 2023)

Volume 13 (2022): Issue 1 (January 2022)

Volume 12 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021)

Volume 11 (2020): Issue 1 (January 2020)

Volume 10 (2019): Issue 2 (August 2019) Migration and Those Left Behind

Volume 10 (2019): Issue 1 (June 2019)

IZA Journal of Development and Migration

Please note that the journal IZA Journal of Development and Migration has been discontinued and no longer accepts new submissions. Any third-party websites claiming the journal's continuity and accepting submissions are predatory and have no relation to the Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA - Institute of Labor Economics). Published volumes will remain fully accessible. In case of questions or concerns, please contact us at journals@iza.org. View our back issues (2012–March 2019) Welcome to the IZA Journal of Development and Migration. The IZA Journal of Development and Migration publishes academic articles in the closely related fields of development and migration economics. Economic development and migration are closely linked like the two sides of a coin. Understanding the drivers of emerging labor markets is essential to understanding the drivers of migration and vice versa. In particular, the IZA Journal of Development and Migration covers (i) all aspects of economic development related to issues of human behavior and/or the labor market of developing, emerging or transition countries, including both policy issues and more structural problems, and (ii) all issues related to the economics of migration and ethnicity in this context.  The IZA Journal of Development and Migration is part of IZA’s mission of contributing to social and economic discourse, enabling political decision-making to be based on the best available academic knowledge. We want to stimulate research to close knowledge gaps. Hence, the IZA Journal of Development and Migration particularly welcomes empirical and theoretical contributions that provide academically sound answers to open and relevant questions of development and migration policies.  Archive  The IZA Journal of Development and Migration has been founded in 2012. All back issues remain fully accessible through the websites of our first publishing partner SpringerOpen (izajodm.springeropen.com).  Other IZA Journals:   IZA Journal of Labor Economics  IZA Journal of Labor Policy    Why publish your article in IZA Journal of Development and Migration?  High visibilityIZA Journal of Development and Migration's open access policy allows maximum visibility of articles published in the journal as they are available to a wide, global audience.  Speed of publicationIZA Journal of Development and Migration offers a fast publication schedule whilst maintaining rigorous peer review; all articles must be submitted online, and peer review is managed fully electronically (articles are distributed in PDF form, which is automatically generated from the submitted files). Articles will be published with their final citation after acceptance, in both fully browsable web form, and as a formatted PDF; the article will then be available through IZA Journal of Development and Migration and Sciendo.  FlexibilityOnline publication in IZA Journal of Development and Migration gives you the opportunity to publish large datasets, large numbers of color illustrations and moving pictures, to display data in a form that can be read directly by other software packages so as to allow readers to manipulate the data for themselves, and to create all relevant links (for example, to PubMed, to sequence and other databases, and to other articles).  Promotion and press coverageArticles published in IZA Journal of Development and Migration are included in article alerts and regular email updates. In addition, articles published in IZA Journal of Development and Migration may be promoted by press releases to the general or scientific press. These activities increase the exposure and number of accesses for articles published in IZA Journal of Development and Migration.　  CopyrightAuthors of articles published in IZA Journal of Development and Migration retain the copyright of their articles and are free to reproduce and disseminate their work (for further details, see the copyright and license agreement).  Open access  All articles published by the IZA Journal of Development and Migration are made freely and permanently accessible online immediately upon publication, without subscription charges or registration barriers.  Open access publication fees and waivers  The IZA Open Access Journal Series allows free worldwide access to your published article. This is not without costs for article processing and hosting at perpetuity. However, please note that the IZA Journal of Development and Migration explicitly does not expect any author to pay publication fees from her/his own funds. Nor do we charge any submission fees.Instead the IZA Open Access Journals aim at exploiting available funds at research institutions and third-party resources (e.g. external funding of research projects and publications). A continuously rising number of research institutions in Economics offer open access funds.Please check with your employer or research funding institution whether funds exist to finance publication of your article and let us know. If your article is accepted for publication, the Open Access Publication Fee will then be €975/$1105.During submission the Editorial Manager will guide you through the financing options. If no other funds exist, the IZA Journal of Development and Migration will fully cover all publication costs.  Indexing services  All articles published in IZA Journal of Development and Migration are included in:   RePEc  Scopus   The full text of all articles is deposited in digital archives around the world to guarantee long-term digital preservation.  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy   The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.   Peer-review policy  Peer-review is the system used to assess the quality of a manuscript before it is published. Independent researchers in the relevant research area assess submitted manuscripts for originality, validity and significance to help editors determine whether the manuscript should be published in their journal. You can read more about the peer-review process here.  IZA Journal of Development and Migration operates a double-blind peer-review system, where the reviewers are not aware of the names and affiliations of the authors and the reviewer reports provided to authors are anonymous Publication of research articles by IZA Journal of Development and Migration is dependent primarily on their scientific validity and coherence as judged by our external expert editors and/or peer reviewers, who will also assess whether the writing is comprehensible and whether the work represents a useful contribution to the field.  Submitted manuscripts will generally be reviewed by two to three experts who will be asked to evaluate whether the manuscript is scientifically sound and coherent, whether it duplicates already published work, and whether or not the manuscript is sufficiently clear for publication. Reviewers will also be asked to indicate how interesting and significant the research is. The Editors will reach a decision based on these reports and, where necessary, they will consult with members of the Editorial Board.  Editorial policies  All manuscripts submitted to IZA Journal of Development and Migration should adhere to Sciendo's editorial policies.  Once your article is accepted, it will be processed by production and published shortly afterwards. In some cases, articles may be held for a short period of time prior to publication. If you have any concerns or particular requirements please contact the Editorial Office of the IZA Journal Series (journals@iza.org).  Citing articles in IZA Journal of Development and Migration  Articles in IZA Journal of Development and Migration should be cited in the same way as articles in a traditional journal. Because articles are not printed, they do not have page numbers; instead, they are given a unique article number.  Article citations follow this format:Authors: Title. J Migr [year], [volume number]:[article number].  Appeals and complaints  If you wish to appeal a rejection or make a complaint you should, in the first instance, contact the Managing Editor who will provide details of the journal's complaints procedure. 