Otwarty dostęp

Recognizing Communicative Intentions Lies at the Heart of Irony Processing; and Bilinguals Might do it Better: A Literature Review

  
20 maj 2025

Zacytuj
Pobierz okładkę

Aguert, M., Le Vallois, C., Martel, K., & Laval, V. (2017). “That’s really clever!” Ironic hyperbole understanding in children. Journal of Child Language, 45(1), 260-272. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000917000113 Search in Google Scholar

Angeleri, R., & Airenti, G. (2014). The development of joke and irony understanding: A study with 3- to 6-year-old children. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale, 68(2), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1037/cep0000011 Search in Google Scholar

Ansaldo, A. I., Ghazi-Saidi, L., & Adrover-Roig, D. (2015). Interference control in elderly bilinguals: Appearances can be misleading. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 37(5), 455–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2014.990359 Search in Google Scholar

Antoniou, K. (2019). Multilingual pragmatics. Implicature comprehension in adult L2 learners and multingual children. In N. Taguchi (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Pragmatics (pp. 495-510). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351164085 Search in Google Scholar

Antoniou, K., & Milaki, E. (2021). Irony comprehension in bidialectal speakers. The Modern Language Journal, 105(3), 697–719. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12724 Search in Google Scholar

Antoniou, K., Veenstra, A., Kissine, M., & Katsos, N. (2020). How does childhood bilingualism and bi-dialectalism affect the interpretation and processing of pragmatic meanings? Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(1), 186–203. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728918001189 Search in Google Scholar

Banasik, N. (2013). Non-literal speech comprehension in preschool children - An example from a study on verbal irony. Psychology of Language and Communication 17(3), 309-323. https://doi.org/10.2478/plc-2013-0020 Search in Google Scholar

Banasik-Jemielniak, N., & Bokus, B. (2019). Children’s comprehension of irony: Studies on Polish-speaking preschoolers. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 48(5), 1217-1240. 10.1007/s10936-019-09654-x Search in Google Scholar

Banasik-Jemielniak, N., & Kałowski, P. (2022). Socio-cultural and individual factors in verbal irony use and understanding: What we know, what we don’t know, what we want to know. Review of Communication Research 10, 80-113. https://doi.org//10.12840/ISSN.2255-4165.036 Search in Google Scholar

Banasik, N., & Podsiadło, K. (2016). Comprehension of ironic utterances by bilingual children. Psychology of Language and Communication, 20(3), 316-335. https://doi.org/10.1515/plc-2016-0019 Search in Google Scholar

Bialystok, E. (1988). Levels of bilingualism and levels of linguistic awareness. Developmental Psychology, 24(4), 560–567. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.24.4.560 Search in Google Scholar

Bialystok, E. (2001). Bilingualism in Development: Language, Literacy, and Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511605963 Search in Google Scholar

Bialystok, E. (2015). Bilingualism and the development of executive function: The role of attention. Child Development Perspectives, 9(2), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12116 Search in Google Scholar

Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., & Luk, G. (2012). Bilingualism: Consequences for mind and brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(4), 240–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.03.001 Search in Google Scholar

Bialystok, E., Craik, F., Klein, R., & Viswanathan, M. (2004). Bilingualism, aging, and cognitive control: Evidence from the Simon Task. Psychology and Aging, 19, 290–303. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.19.2.290 Search in Google Scholar

Bialystok, E., & Viswanathan, M. (2009). Components of executive control with advantages for bilingual children in two cultures. Cognition, 112(3), 494–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.06.014 Search in Google Scholar

Bromberek-Dyzman, K. (2012). Affective twist in irony processing. Humana Mente-Journal of Philosophical Studies, 23, 83–111. Search in Google Scholar

Bromberek-Dyzman, K. (2015). Irony processing in L1 and L2: Same or different? In R.R. Heredia & A. Cieślicka (Eds.), Bilingual Figurative Processing (pp. 215-238). Cambridge University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Bromberek-Dyzman, K. (2024). Rethinking (Assumptions about) irony: The bilingual factor. In N. Banasik-Jemielniak, P. Kałowski, & M. Zajączkowska (Eds.), Studying verbal irony and sarcasm (pp. 57-76). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57172-5_4 Search in Google Scholar

Bromberek-Dyzman, K., Jankowiak, K., & Chełminiak, P. (2021). Modality matters: Testing bilingual irony comprehension in the textual, auditory, and audio-visual modality. Journal of Pragmatics, 180, 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.05.007 Search in Google Scholar

Bromberek-Dyzman, K., & Rataj, K. (2016). Irony comprehension in the nonnative language comes at a cost. Psychology of Language and Communication, 20(3), 336–353. https://doi.org/10.1515/plc-2016-0020 Search in Google Scholar

Bromberek-Dyzman, K., Rataj, K., & Dylak, J. (2010). Mentalizing in the second language: Is irony online inferencing any different in L1 and L2? In I. Witczak-Plisiecka (Ed.), Pragmatic Perspectives on Language and Linguistics; Vol.1: Speech Actions in Theory and Applied Studies (pp. 197–216). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Search in Google Scholar

Caffarra, S., Haeri, A., Michell, E., & Martin, C. (2019). When is irony influenced by communicative constraints? ERP evidence supporting interactive models. European Journal of Neuroscience, 50. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14503 Search in Google Scholar

Caffarra, S., Michell, E., & Martin, C. D. (2018). The impact of foreign accent on irony interpretation. PLOS ONE, 13(8), e0200939. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200939 Search in Google Scholar

Caillies, S., Gobin, P., Obert, A., Terrien, S., Coutté, A., Iakimova, G., & Besche-Richard, C. (2019). Asymmetry of affect in verbal irony understanding: What about the N400 and P600 components? Journal of Neurolinguistics, 51, 268–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2019.04.004 Search in Google Scholar

Channon, S., Pellijeff, A., & Rule, A. (2005). Social cognition after head injury: Sarcasm and theory of mind. Brain and Language, 93(2), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2004.09.002 Search in Google Scholar

Cheang, H. S., & Pell, M. D. (2011). Recognizing sarcasm without language: A cross-linguistic study of English and Cantonese. Pragmatics and Cognition, 19(2), 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.19.2.02che Search in Google Scholar

Colston, H. L. (2002). Contrast and assimilation in verbal irony. Journal of Pragmatics, 34(2), 111–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)80008-X Search in Google Scholar

Colston, H. L., & O’Brien, J. (2000). Contrast and pragmatics in figurative language: Anything understatement can do, irony can do better. Journal of Pragmatics, 32(11), 1557–1583. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00110-1 Search in Google Scholar

Degirmenci, M. G., Grossmann, J. A., Meyer, P., & Teichmann, B. (2022). The role of bilingualism in executive functions in healthy older adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Bilingualism, 26(4), 426–449. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069211051291 Search in Google Scholar

Del Giudice, M. (2014). Middle childhood: An evolutionary-developmental synthesis. Child Development Perspectives, 8(4), 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12084 Search in Google Scholar

Devine, R. T., & Hughes, C. (2014). Relations between false belief understanding and executive function in early childhood: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 85(5), 1777–1794. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12237 Search in Google Scholar

Dews, S., & Winner, E. (1995). Muting the meaning: A social function of irony. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 10(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327868ms1001_2 Search in Google Scholar

Dews, S., & Winner, E. (1997). Attributing meaning to deliberately false utterances: The case of irony. In C. Mandell & A. McCabe (Eds.), Advances in Psychology (Vol. 122, pp. 377–414). North-Holland. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(97)80142-2 Search in Google Scholar

Dews, S., & Winner, E. (1999). Obligatory processing of literal and nonliteral meanings in verbal irony. Journal of Pragmatics, 31(12), 1579–1599. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00005-3 Search in Google Scholar

Dews, S., Winner, E., Kaplan, J., Rosenblatt, E., Hunt, M., Lim, K., McGovern, A., Qualter, A., & Smarsh, B. (1996). Children’s understanding of the meaning and functions of verbal irony. Child Development, 67(6), 3071–3085. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131767 Search in Google Scholar

Diaz, V., & Farrar, M. J. (2018). The missing explanation of the false-belief advantage in bilingual children: A longitudinal study. Developmental Science, 21(4), e12594. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12594 Search in Google Scholar

Doherty, M. (2000). Children’s understanding of homonymy: Metalinguistic awareness and false belief. Journal of Child Language, 27, 367–392. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000900004153 Search in Google Scholar

Ellis, R., Zhu, Y., Shintani, N., & Roever, C. (2021). A study of Chinese learners’ ability to comprehend irony. Journal of Pragmatics, 172, 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2020.11.003 Search in Google Scholar

Filik, R., Brightman, E., Gathercole, C., & Leuthold, H. (2017). The emotional impact of verbal irony: Eye-tracking evidence for a two-stage process. Journal of Memory and Language, 93, 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2016.09.006 Search in Google Scholar

Frith, U., & Frith, C. D. (2003). Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 358(1431), 459–473. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1218 Search in Google Scholar

Foucart, A., Garcia, X., Ayguasanosa M., Thierry, G., Martin, C., & Costa, A. (2015). Does the speaker matter? Online processing of semantic and pragmatic information in L2 speech comprehension. Neuropsychologia 75, 291-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.06.027 Search in Google Scholar

Garfield, J. L., Peterson, C. C., & Perry, T. (2001). Social cognition, language acquisition and the development of the theory of mind. Mind & Language, 16(5), 494–541. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0017.00180 Search in Google Scholar

Garfinkel, S., Rowe, M. L., Bosacki, S., & Banasik-Jemielniak, N. (2023). “Mom said it in quotation marks!” Irony comprehension and metapragmatic awareness in 8-year-olds. Journal of Child Language, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000923000399 Search in Google Scholar

Gerrig, R., & Goldvarg, Y. (2000). Additive effects in the perception of sarcasm: Situational disparity and echoic mention. Metaphor and Symbol, 15, 197–208. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327868MS1504_1 Search in Google Scholar

Gibbs, R. W. (1986). On the psycholinguistics of sarcasm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.115.1.3 Search in Google Scholar

Gibbs, R. W. (1994). The Poetics of Mind: Figurative Thought, Language, and Understanding. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Giora, R. (1997). Understanding figurative and literal language: The graded salience hypothesis. Cognitive Linguistics, 8(3), 183–206. https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.1997.8.3.183 Search in Google Scholar

Giora, R., & Fein, O. (1999). Irony: Context and salience. Metaphor and Symbol, 14(4), 241–257. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327868MS1404_1 Search in Google Scholar

Giora, R., Fein, O., Laadan, D., Wolfson, J., Zeituny, M., Kidron, R., Kaufman, R., & Shaham, R. (2007). Expecting irony: Context versus salience-based effects. Metaphor and Symbol, 22(2), 119–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926480701235346 Search in Google Scholar

Giora, R., Fein, O., & Schwartz, T. (1998). Irony: Graded salience and indirect negation. Metaphor and Symbol, 13(2), 83–101. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327868ms1302_1 Search in Google Scholar

Giovannoli, J., Martella, D., Federico, F., Pirchio, S., & Casagrande, M. (2020). The impact of bilingualism on executive functions in children and adolescents: A systematic review based on the PRISMA method. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.574789 Search in Google Scholar

Goetz, P. J. (2003). The effects of bilingualism on theory of mind development. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 6(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728903001007 Search in Google Scholar

Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Speech Acts (pp. 41–58). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004368811_003 Search in Google Scholar

Grosjean, F. (2021). Life as a Bilingual: Knowing and Using Two or More Languages. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108975490 Search in Google Scholar

Happé, F. G. E. (1993). Communicative competence and theory of mind in autism: A test of relevance theory. Cognition, 48(2), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R Search in Google Scholar

Harris, M., & Pexman P.M. (2003). Children’s perceptions of the social functions of verbal irony. Discourse Processes, 36, 147-165. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326950DP3603_1 Search in Google Scholar

Ivanko, S., & Pexman, P. (2003). Context incongruity and irony processing. Discourse Processes, 35, 241–279. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326950DP3503_2 Search in Google Scholar

Javor, R. (2017). Bilingualism, theory of mind and perspective-taking: The effect of early bilingual exposure. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 5(6), 143-148. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20160506.13 Search in Google Scholar

Jenkins, J. M., & Astington, J. W. (1996). Cognitive factors and family structure associated with theory of mind development in young children. Developmental Psychology, 32(1), 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.32.1.70 Search in Google Scholar

Kaakinen, J., Olkoniemi, H., Kinnari, T., & Hyönä, J. (2014). Processing of written irony: An eye movement study. Discourse Processes, 51, 287–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2013.870024 Search in Google Scholar

Kałowski, P., Zajączkowska, M., Branowska, K., Olechowska, A., Siemieniuk, A., Dryll, E., Banasik-Jemielniak, N. (2023). Individual differences in verbal irony use: A systematic review of quantitative psycholinguistic studies. Metaphor and Symbol 38(1), 81-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2022.2160253 Search in Google Scholar

Katz, A. (2017). The standard experimental approach to the study of irony: Let us not be hasty in throwing out the baby with the bathwater. In A. Athanasiadou & H. L. Colston (Eds.), Irony in Language Use and Communication (pp. 237–254). John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/ftl.1.12kat Search in Google Scholar

Kim, J., & Lantolf, J. P. (2016). Developing conceptual understanding of sarcasm in L2 English through explicit instruction. Language Teaching Research, 22(2), 208–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168816675521 Search in Google Scholar

Kovács, A. M. (2009). Early bilingualism enhances mechanisms of false-belief Recognizing Communicative Intentions and Irony Processing reasoning. Developmental Science, 12(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00742.x Search in Google Scholar

Lee, K., Sidhu, D.M., & Pexman, P.M. (2020). Teaching sarcasm: Evaluating metapragmatic training for typically developing children. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 75, 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1037/cep0000228 Search in Google Scholar

Li, W., & Jung, J. (2023). L2 irony comprehension and the role of L2 proficiency and use. Language Awareness, 33(2), 240-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2023.2277777 Search in Google Scholar

Liu, D., Wellman, H. M., Tardif, T., & Sabbagh, M. A. (2008). Theory of mind development in Chinese children: A meta-analysis of false-belief understanding across cultures and languages. Developmental Psychology, 44(2), 523–531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.44.2.523 Search in Google Scholar

Loukusa, S., & Leinonen, E. (2008). Development of comprehension of ironic utterances in 3- to 9-year-old Finnish-speaking children. Psychology of Language and Communication 12(1), 55-69. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10057-008-0003-0 Search in Google Scholar

MacKay, G., & Shaw, A. (2004). A comparative study of figurative language in children with autistic spectrum disorders. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 20(1), 13–32. https://doi.org/10.1191/0265659004ct261oa Search in Google Scholar

Massa, E., Köpke, B., & El Yagoubi, R. (2020). Age-related effect on language control and executive control in bilingual and monolingual speakers: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Neuropsychologia, 138, 107336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107336 Search in Google Scholar

Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49–100. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1999.0734 Search in Google Scholar

Panzeri, F., Mazzaggio, G., Giustolisi, B., Silleresi, S., & Surian, L. (2022). The atypical pattern of irony comprehension in autistic children. Applied Psycholinguistics, 43(4), 757–784. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716422000091 Search in Google Scholar

Peal, E., & Lambert, W. E. (1962). The relation of bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 76(27), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093840 Search in Google Scholar

Peters, S., Wilson, K., Boiteau, T. W., Gelormini-Lezama, C., & Almor, A. (2016). Do you hear it now? A native advantage for sarcasm processing. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 19(2), 400–414. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728915000048 Search in Google Scholar

Pexman, P.M. (2023) Persuasive language development. The case of irony and humour in children’s language. In J. Fahnestock & R.A. Harris (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Language and Persuasion (pp. 475-487). London: Routledge. Search in Google Scholar

Pexman, P.M., & Glenwright, M. (2007). How do typically developing children grasp the meaning of verbal irony? Journal of Neurolinguistics, 20, 178-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2006.06.001 Search in Google Scholar

Pexman, P. M., Rostad, K. R., McMorris, C. A., Climie, E. A., Stowkowy, J., & Glenwright, M. R. (2011). Processing of ironic language in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(8), 1097–1112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1131-7 Search in Google Scholar

Puhacheuskaya, V., & Järvikivi, J. (2022). I was being sarcastic!: The effect of foreign accent and political ideology on irony (mis)understanding. Acta Psychologica, 222, 103479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103479 Search in Google Scholar

Regel, S., Coulson, S., & Gunter, T.C. (2010). The communicative style of a speaker can affect language comprehension? ERP evidence from the comprehension of irony. Brain Research, 1311, 121-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.077 Search in Google Scholar

Ronderos, C., Tomlinson, J., & Noveck, I. (2023). When irony is faster than its literal control: The role of mindreading during irony comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 50. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001219 Search in Google Scholar

Rubio-Fernández, P., & Glucksberg, S. (2012). Reasoning about other people’s beliefs: Bilinguals have an advantage. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(1), 211–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025162 Search in Google Scholar

Schroeder, S. R. (2018). Do bilinguals have an advantage in theory of mind? A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Communication, 3, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2018.00036 Search in Google Scholar

Schwoebel, J., Dews, S., Winner, E., & Srinivas, K. (2000). Obligatory processing of the literal meaning of ironic utterances: Further evidence. Metaphor and Symbol, 15, 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2000.9678864 Search in Google Scholar

Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Tomer, R., & Aharon-Peretz, J. (2005). The neuroanatomical basis of understanding sarcasm and its relationship to social cognition. Neuropsychology, 19(3), 288–300. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.19.3.288 Search in Google Scholar

Shively, R.L., Menke, M.R., & Manzón-Omundson, S.M. (2008). Perception of irony by L2 learners of Spanish. Issues in Applied Linguistics 16(2), 101-132. https://doi.org/10.5070/L4162005096 Search in Google Scholar

Siegal, M., Iozzi, L., & Surian, L. (2009). Bilingualism and conversational understanding in young children. Cognition, 110(1), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2008.11.002 Search in Google Scholar

Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1981). Irony and the use-mention distinction. In P. Cole (Ed.), Radical pragmatics (pp. 295–318). New York, NY: Academic Press. Search in Google Scholar

Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (2002). Pragmatics, modularity and mind-reading. Mind and Language, 17, 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0017.00186 Search in Google Scholar

Sullivan, K., Winner, E., & Hopfield, N. (1995). How children tell a lie from a joke: The role of second-order mental state attributions. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13(2), 191–204. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835X.1995.tb00673.x Search in Google Scholar

Sundaray, S., Marinis, T., & Bose, A. (2018). Comprehending non-literal language: Effects of aging and bilingualism. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(2230), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02230 Search in Google Scholar

Tiv, M., Deodato, F., Rouillard, V., Wiebe, S., & Titone, D. (2020). Second language experience impacts first language irony comprehension among bilingual adults. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale, 75(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1037/cep0000230 Search in Google Scholar

Tiv, M., O’Regan, E., & Titone, D. (2021). In a bilingual state of mind: Investigating the continuous relationship between bilingual language experience and mentalizing. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 24(5), 918–931. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728921000225 Search in Google Scholar

Tiv, M., O’Regan, E., & Titone, D. (2023). The role of mentalizing capacity and ecological language diversity on irony comprehension in bilingual adults. Memory & Cognition, 51(2), 253–272. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-022-01349-4 Search in Google Scholar

Tiv, M., Rouillard, V., Vingron, N., Wiebe, S., & Titone, D. (2019). Global second language proficiency predicts self-perceptions of general sarcasm use among bilingual adults. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 38, 459–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X19865764 Search in Google Scholar

Wei, L. (2007). Dimensions of bilingualism. In L. Wei (Ed.), The Bilingualism Reader (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. Search in Google Scholar

Wellman, H. M., Cross, D., & Watson, J. (2001). Meta-analysis of theory-of-mind development: The truth about false belief. Child Development, 72(3), 655–684. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00304 Search in Google Scholar

Wilson, D., & Sperber, D. (1992). On verbal irony. Lingua, 87(1), 53–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(92)90025-E Search in Google Scholar

Winner, E. & Leekam, S. (1991). Distinguishing irony from deception: Understanding the speaker's second-order intention. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 9(2), 257-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835X.1991.tb00875.x Search in Google Scholar

Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
1 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Nauki społeczne, Psychologia, Psychologia stosowana