Atorvastatin |
LDL reduction by hepatocyte HMG-CoA inhibition |
Reduction of NLRP3 expression in mononuclear cells; lowers IL-1b, IL-18 |
Colchicine |
Tubulin disruption with down-regulation of inflammatory pathways |
Prevents activation of NLRP3 by inhibiting oligomerization depending on cytoplasmic microtubules; inhibits caspase-1 gene transcription |
Canakinumab |
Monoclonal-antibody against IL-1b |
Downregulates NLRP3 and IL-1 gene expression |
Anakinra |
Recombinant IL-1b receptor antagonist |
Downstream inhibition of activated NLRP3 cascade |
MCC950 |
Small molecule inhibitor of NLRP3 |
Specific for NLRP3; no effect on other inflammasomes |
CY-09 |
Small molecule inhibitor of NLRP3 |
Specific for NLRP3, binds to the NOD (NACHT) immune receptor |
Flavonoids |
Inhibit expression of NLRP3 and ASC; blocks inflammasome assembly |
Idem |
PEDF |
Inhibits mitochondrial division |
Mitochondrial stabilization; reduces ROS production; promotes mitophagy in hypoxic cardiomyocytes |
Tranilast |
Anthranilic acid anti-allergic, anti-asthmatic drug |
Binds to the NOD (NACHT) domain, to block NLRP3 oligomerization |
Parthenolide |
Natural (sesquiterpene lactone) anti-inflammatory agent, COX inhibitor |
Blocks NLRP3 ATP-ase capacity and inactivates caspase-1 |
Oridonin |
Anti-neoplastic drug, inhibits angiogenesis and induces apoptosis |
Blocks NLRP3 activation by selective binding to cysteine |
Pralnacasan (VX-740), Belnacasan (VX-765) |
Caspase-1 inhibitors |
Specific downstream inhibition of NLRP3 activation by caspase-1 blockage |
Cilostazol |
Phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor |
Reduces NLRP3 activation |