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Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Caused by Coxsackievirus A6: A Preliminary Report from Istanbul

AYSE N. CEYLAN
AYSE N. CEYLAN
, 
OZDEN TUREL
OZDEN TUREL
, 
BILGE SUMBUL GULTEPE
BILGE SUMBUL GULTEPE
, 
ELIF INAN
ELIF INAN
, 
AYSEL VEHAPOGLU TURKMEN
AYSEL VEHAPOGLU TURKMEN
 oraz 
MEHMET Z. DOYMAZ
MEHMET Z. DOYMAZ
   | 31 maj 2019
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Article Category: short-communication
Data publikacji: 31 maj 2019
Zakres stron: 165 - 171
Otrzymano: 01 paź 2018
Przyjęty: 07 sty 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2019-016
Słowa kluczowe
© 2019 Ayse N. Ceylan et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Patients with typical lesions on the hands.
Patients with typical lesions on the hands.

Fig. 2.

Patients with mouth ulcers.
Patients with mouth ulcers.

Fig. 3.

Patient with generalized lesions on the legs.
Patient with generalized lesions on the legs.

Fig. 4.

The samples were subjected to the pan-enterovirus specific nested PCR with outer primers where 530 bp products were amplified. Left to right, line 1: 100 bp marker, lines 2 to 5: HFM-2 to HFM-5, line 6: HFM-7, line 7: HFM-9, lines 8 to 14: HFM-10 to HFM-16.
The samples were subjected to the pan-enterovirus specific nested PCR with outer primers where 530 bp products were amplified. Left to right, line 1: 100 bp marker, lines 2 to 5: HFM-2 to HFM-5, line 6: HFM-7, line 7: HFM-9, lines 8 to 14: HFM-10 to HFM-16.

Fig. 5.

The samples were subjected to the pan-enterovirus specific nested PCR with inner primers where 389 bp products were amplified. Left to right, line 1: 100 bp marker, lines 2 to 5: HFM-2 to HFM-5, line 6: HFM-7, line 7: HFM-9, lines 8 to 14: HFM-10 to HFM-16.
The samples were subjected to the pan-enterovirus specific nested PCR with inner primers where 389 bp products were amplified. Left to right, line 1: 100 bp marker, lines 2 to 5: HFM-2 to HFM-5, line 6: HFM-7, line 7: HFM-9, lines 8 to 14: HFM-10 to HFM-16.

Fig. 6.

CV-A6 specific primers amplified products of approximately 645 bp.
CV-A6 specific primers amplified products of approximately 645 bp.

Fig. 7.

Phylogenetic analysis of clinical isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of coxsackievirus A6 nucleotide sequences that were obtained using 153F ve 541R primers, showed the relationships between the clinical CV-A6 and the CV-A16 isolate selected from the GenBank. A scale bar indicates branch distances. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using neighbour-joining method and validated with 1000 pseudo-replicates. Poliovirus (NC 002058.3) was selected as out-group.
Phylogenetic analysis of clinical isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of coxsackievirus A6 nucleotide sequences that were obtained using 153F ve 541R primers, showed the relationships between the clinical CV-A6 and the CV-A16 isolate selected from the GenBank. A scale bar indicates branch distances. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using neighbour-joining method and validated with 1000 pseudo-replicates. Poliovirus (NC 002058.3) was selected as out-group.

Phylogenetic identities of the coxsackievirus A isolates, based on VP1 sequences.

Isolate codePrimerNearest phylogenetic neighboursIdentity percentage
HFM-2153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-5153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-9153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-10153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-11153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-12153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-14153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-15153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-16153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM24153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A1699%
HFM25153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A1699%
HFM26153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A1697%

The patients’ samples and their positivity for coxsackievirus A6 and A16.

YearNo. of samplesEnterovirus positivityCoxsackievirus A6 positivityCoxsackievirus A16 positivity
2015–2016151290
201712703
Total271993

Primers used for PCR.

Target SerotypeOrientationSequence
Pan-EV-5’UTR OuterForward5’-CYTTGTGCGCCTGTTTT-3’
Reverse5’-ATTGTCACCATAAGCAGCC-3’
Pan-EV-5’UTR-InnerForward5’-CAAGYACTTCTGTMWCCCC-3’
Reverse5’-CCCAAAGTAGTCGGTTCC-3’
EV-A71-VP1Forward5’-AGAGCATGATTGAGACACG-3’
Reverse5’-RTCTTTCTCYTGTTTGTGTTC-3’
CV-A16-VP1Forward5’-TGCAGACATGATTGACCAG-3’
Reverse5’-TGCCTACAGTTCTGATGCTA-3’
eISSN:
2544-4646
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Life Sciences, Microbiology and Virology
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