Introducing the early trauma inventory self report - Short form and its qualitative and quantitative validation for the Slovenian general population

1.	Ali se je kdo kdaj dotaknil vaših intimnih ali drugih delov telesa (npr. prsi, stegen, spolovil) na način, ki vas je presenetil ali vam je bil neprijeten?	DA	NE
2.	Ali je kdaj kdo drgnil svoje spolovilo ob vas?	DA	NE
3.	Ali ste bili kdaj prisiljeni v dotikanje druge osebe po intimnih ali zasebnih delih njihovega telesa?	DA	NE
4.	Ali je kdo imel z vami spolni odnos proti vaši volji?	DA	NE
5.	Ali ste bili kdaj prisiljeni imeti oralni spolni odnos proti vaši volji?	DA	NE
6.	Ali ste bili kdaj prisiljeni poljubiti nekoga na seksualni in ne prijateljski način?	DA	NE

Mean ETI scores in subjects experiencing severe fear or having out-of-body experiences and subjects without such feelings and the results of the independent samples t-test.

Subscale (range)	No severe fear or out of body experience (n=95)	Severe fear or out of body experience (n=89)	t value	P
General trauma (0 - 11)	1.7 (1.5)	3.7 (2.2)	-7.04	<0.001
Physical abuse (0 - 5)	2 (1.3)	2.8 (1.3)	-3.84	<0.001
Emotional abuse (0 - 5)	0.6 (1.2)	2.5 (1.8)	-8.49	<0.001
Sexual abuse (0 - 6)	0.2 (0.5)	1 (1.6)	-4.19	<0.001

Internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

Subscale	Cronbach’s α (n=184)	Test - retest (n=58)
General trauma	0.64	0.84 p<0.0001
Physical abuse	0.60	0.82 p<0.0001
Emotional abuse	0.85	0.93 p<0.0001
Sexual abuse	0.82	0.96 p<0.0001

Drugi del. Fizično kaznovanje. Pred 18. letom.

1.	Ali ste kdaj dobili klofuto?	DA	NE
2.	Ali so vas kdaj opekli z vročo vodo, cigareto ali čim drugim?	DA	NE
3.	Ali so vas kdaj tepli ali brcali?	DA	NE
4.	Ali vas je kdaj zadel predmet, ki ga je kdo vrgel v vas?	DA	NE
5.	Ali so vas kdaj porinili ali odrinili?	DA	NE

Participants’ characteristics.

	n=184 (%)
Sex
Female	97 (52.7)
Male	87 (47.3)
Mean age (SD) in years	37.8 (9.2)
Education
Elementary school	27 (14.7)
Vocational school	22 (12)
High school	51 (27.7)
University or more	84 (45.7)
Working status
Unemployed	40 (21.7)
Employed	138 (75)
Student	5 (2.7)
Retired	1 (0.5)
Group
Controls	133 (72.3)
Patients	51 (27.7)
Drug substitution program	29 (56.9)
Overdosed	21 (41.2)
Self-injury	11 (21.6)
Suicide attempt	14 (27.4)
Mean age (SD) of 1st drug use	15.1 (3)

Če ste na katerokoli od zgornjih vprašanj odgovorili z “DA”, odgovorite na naslednji vprašanji za tisti dogodek, ki je najbolj vplival na vaše življenje. Pri odgovarjanju upoštevajte, kako ste se počutili v času dogodka.

1.	Ali ste občutili hud strah, grozo ali nemoč?	DA	NE
2.	Ali ste imeli občutek, kot da bi bili izven svojega telesa ali kot da bi bili v sanjah?	DA	NE

ETISR-SF additional three items scale Likert scores, mean and median – Round 1 (N=8).

Results	Q1	Q2	Q3
>3 (n/8)	7	7	7
>3 (%)	87.5	87.5	87.5
Mean	4.125	4.125	4.25
Median	4	4	4.5

Frequency of traumatic events, item-to-total correlation and value of Cronbach’s alpha if item is omitted.

Subscale (range)	Mean (SD)	Item-to-Total Correlation	Cronbach’s α (minus item)
General trauma
Natural disaster	10% (31)	0.13	0.64
Serious accident	22% (41)	0.26	0.62
Serious personal injury	27% (45)	0.33	0.61
Serious injury/illness of parent	33% (47)	0.33	0.61
Separation of parents	22% (41)	0.24	0.62
Serious illness/injury of sibling	10% (31)	0.17	0.63
Serious injury of friend	41% (49)	0.29	0.62
Witnessing violence	37% (48)	0.49	0.57
Family mental illness	23% (42)	0.41	0.59
Alcoholic parents	28% (45)	0.34	0.60
See someone murdered	9% (29)	0.14	0.64
Physical abuse
Slapped in the face	81% (39)	0.27	0.58
Burned with a cigarette	13% (34)	0.11	0.64
Punched or kicked	39% (49)	0.48	0.46
Hit with a thrown object	40% (49)	0.45	0.48
Pushed or shoved	67% (47)	0.44	0.49
Emotional abuse
Often put down or ridiculed	27% (45)	0.67	0.82
Often ignored or made to feel you didn’t count	39% (49)	0.65	0.82
Often told you are no good	26% (44)	0.65	0.82
Most of the time treated in cold or uncaring way	26% (44)	0.74	0.80
Parents fail to understand your needs	35% (48)	0.62	0.83
Sexual abuse
Touched on intimate parts in a way that was uncomfortable	24% (43)	0.52	0.85
Someone rubbing their genitals against you	8% (27)	0.62	0.79
Forced to touch someone’s intimate parts	8% (27)	0.67	0.78
Someone had genital sex with you against your will	7% (25)	0.71	0.77
Forced to perform oral sex	5% (23)	0.69	0.78
Forced to kiss someone in sexual way	5% (22)	0.53	0.81

ETISR-SF part four – Sexual abuse scale Likert scores, mean and median – Round 1 (N=8).

Results	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	Q6
>3 (n/8)	5	8	8	8	2	7
>3 (%)	62.5	100	100	100	25	87.5
Mean	3.875	4.25	4.37	4.5	2.875	4.25
Median	4	4	4	4.5	2.5	4

Prvi del. Splošne travme. Pred 18. letom.

1.	Ali ste bili kdaj izpostavljeni življenjsko nevarni naravni nesreči?	DA	NE
2.	Ali ste bili kdaj udeleženi v hudi nesreči?	DA	NE
3.	Ali ste kdaj imeli hudo telesno poškodbo ali bolezen?	DA	NE
4.	Ali ste kdaj doživeli smrt ali hudo bolezen starša ali skrbnika?	DA	NE
5.	Ali so se vaši starši razšli ali ločili?	DA	NE
6.	Ali ste kdaj doživeli smrt ali hudo poškodbo brata ali sestre?	DA	NE
7.	Ali ste kdaj doživeli smrt ali hudo poškodbo prijatelja?	DA	NE
8.	Ali ste bili kdaj priča nasilju nad drugimi, vključno z družinskimi člani?	DA	NE
9.	Ali je kdo v vaši družini imel duševno motnjo ali doživel “živčni zlom”?	DA	NE
10.	Ali so imeli vaši starši ali skrbniki težave z alkoholom ali drogami?	DA	NE
11.	Ali ste kdaj videli nekoga umorjenega?	DA	NE

ETISR-SF part one – General trauma scale Likert scores, mean and median – Round 1 (N=8).

Results	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	Q6	Q7	Q8	Q9	Q10	Q11
>3 (n/8)	8	7	8	8	1	8	8	6	6	7	3
>3 (%)	100	87.5	100	100	12.5	100	100	75	75	87.5	37.5
Mean	4.25	4	4.37	4.37	2.875	4.25	4.25	4	4	4	3
Median	4	4	4	4	3	4	4	4	4	4	3

ETISR-SF part two – Physical abuse scale Likert scores, mean and median – Round 1 (N=8).

Results	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5
>3 (n/8)	8	7	6	1	6
>3 (%)	100	87.5	75	12.5
Mean	4.625	4.25	3	2.875	75 4.25
Median	5	4	3	3	4.5

Mean and median: ETISR-SF – general trauma Q5, Q11, physical abuse Q4, emotional abuse Q3 and sexual abuse Q5 – Round 2 (N=8).

Results	GT – Q5	GT – Q11	PA– Q4	EA – Q3	SA - Q5
Mean	4.25	4.5	4	4	4.625
Median	4	4.5	4	4	5

Mean ETI scores in healthy subjects (controls) and patients and results of an independent samples t-test.

Subscale (range)	Controls (n=133)	Patients (n=51)	t value	P
General trauma (0 - 11)	2.2 (1.9)	3.7 (2.2)	-4.66	< 0.001
Physical abuse (0 - 5)	2.2 (1.4)	2.8 (1.3)	-2.88	0.005
Emotional abuse (0 - 5)	1.1 (1.6)	2.6 (1.9)	-5.09	< 0.001
Sexual abuse (0 - 6)	0.4 (0.8)	1.1 (1.9)	-2.6	0.012

ETISR-SF part three – Emotional abuse scale Likert scores, mean and median – Round 1 (N=8).

Results	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5
>3 (n/8)	8	2	1	5	8
>3 (%)	100	25	12.5	62.5	100
Mean	4.25	3	2.75	3.75	4.625
Median	4	3	3	4	5

Tretji del. Čustvena zloraba. Pred 18. letom.

1.	Ali so vas pogosto poniževali ali zasmehovali?	DA	NE
2.	Ali so vas pogosto ignorirali ali pa ste se počutili neupoštevane?	DA	NE
3.	Ali so vam pogosto govorili, da niste za nič?	DA	NE
4.	Ali so pogosto z vami ravnali na hladen, neskrben način ali ste se počutili neljubljene?	DA	NE
5.	Ali vaši starši ali skrbniki pogosto niso uspeli razumeti vas ali vaših potreb?	DA	NE

eISSN:: 1854-2476
Język:: Angielski

Częstotliwość wydawania:: 4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:: Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Hygiene and Environmental Medicine

Kanał RSS czasopisma

Introducing the early trauma inventory self report - Short form and its qualitative and quantitative validation for the Slovenian general population

Article Category: Research Article

Data publikacji: 18 paź 2020

Zakres stron: 245 - 255

Otrzymano: 07 lip 2020

Przyjęty: 16 wrz 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2020-0031

Słowa kluczowechildhood trauma, Early Trauma Inventory, psychometric properties, validation studies, addictions

© 2020 National Institute of Public Health, Slovenia

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Četrti del. Dogodki, povezani s spolnostjo. Pred 18. letom.

Mean ETI scores in subjects experiencing severe fear or having out-of-body experiences and subjects without such feelings and the results of the independent samples t-test.

Internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

Drugi del. Fizično kaznovanje. Pred 18. letom.

Participants’ characteristics.

Če ste na katerokoli od zgornjih vprašanj odgovorili z “DA”, odgovorite na naslednji vprašanji za tisti dogodek, ki je najbolj vplival na vaše življenje. Pri odgovarjanju upoštevajte, kako ste se počutili v času dogodka.

ETISR-SF additional three items scale Likert scores, mean and median – Round 1 (N=8).

Frequency of traumatic events, item-to-total correlation and value of Cronbach’s alpha if item is omitted.

ETISR-SF part four – Sexual abuse scale Likert scores, mean and median – Round 1 (N=8).

Prvi del. Splošne travme. Pred 18. letom.

ETISR-SF part one – General trauma scale Likert scores, mean and median – Round 1 (N=8).

ETISR-SF part two – Physical abuse scale Likert scores, mean and median – Round 1 (N=8).

Mean and median: ETISR-SF – general trauma Q5, Q11, physical abuse Q4, emotional abuse Q3 and sexual abuse Q5 – Round 2 (N=8).

Mean ETI scores in healthy subjects (controls) and patients and results of an independent samples t-test.

ETISR-SF part three – Emotional abuse scale Likert scores, mean and median – Round 1 (N=8).

Tretji del. Čustvena zloraba. Pred 18. letom.

Słowa kluczowe
childhood trauma, Early Trauma Inventory, psychometric properties, validation studies, addictions