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A Study of the Effect of Combined Cement and Fibre on Shear Strength Response of Chlef Sand

Kheira Boutouba

Kheira Boutouba

Laboratory of Materials Sciences and Environment, University Hassiba Benbouali University of ChlefChlef, Algeria
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Boutouba, Kheira
, 
Ismail Benessalah

Ismail Benessalah

Laboratory of Materials Sciences and Environment, University Hassiba Benbouali University of ChlefChlef, Algeria
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Benessalah, Ismail
, 
Ahmed Arab

Ahmed Arab

Laboratory of Materials Sciences and Environment, University Hassiba Benbouali University of ChlefChlef, Algeria
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Arab, Ahmed
 oraz 
Ahmed Djafar Henni

Ahmed Djafar Henni

LSGR Laboratory, University Hassiba Benbouali of ChlefChlef, Algeria
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Henni, Ahmed Djafar
  
07 mar 2025
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Kategoria artykułu: Original Study
Data publikacji: 07 mar 2025
Zakres stron: 48 - 64
Otrzymano: 10 sty 2024
Przyjęty: 13 sty 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2025-0005
Słowa kluczowe
© 2025 Kheira Boutouba et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Chlef sand under study: (a) situation of Chlef (formerly El Asnam) region [42] and (b) sand visualised using a scanning electron microscope [21].
Chlef sand under study: (a) situation of Chlef (formerly El Asnam) region [42] and (b) sand visualised using a scanning electron microscope [21].

Figure 2:

Size distribution of the particles of the tested materials [25]. CC, cement content.
Size distribution of the particles of the tested materials [25]. CC, cement content.

Figure 3.

Materials used: (a) sand, (b) cement, (c) glass fibres and (d) polypropylene fibres.
Materials used: (a) sand, (b) cement, (c) glass fibres and (d) polypropylene fibres.

Figure 4:

Sample preparation: (a) fibre-reinforced mixtures: dry state; and (b) fibre-reinforced mixtures: wet state with a water content of 10%.
Sample preparation: (a) fibre-reinforced mixtures: dry state; and (b) fibre-reinforced mixtures: wet state with a water content of 10%.

Figure 5:

Effect of glass fibre content on sand shear strength (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on sand shear strength (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 6:

Effect of relative density on shear strength in glass fibre-reinforced sand. Dr, relative density.
Effect of relative density on shear strength in glass fibre-reinforced sand. Dr, relative density.

Figure 7:

Effect of glass fibre content on vertical displacement (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on vertical displacement (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 8:

Effect of polypropylene fibre content on sand shear strength (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Effect of polypropylene fibre content on sand shear strength (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 9:

Effect of polypropylene fibre content on vertical deformation of sand (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Effect of polypropylene fibre content on vertical deformation of sand (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 10:

Comparison between glass fibres and polypropylene fibres and their effect on stress/strain curves (σn = 100 kPa and ρf = 0.3%): (a) Dr = 50% and (b) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Comparison between glass fibres and polypropylene fibres and their effect on stress/strain curves (σn = 100 kPa and ρf = 0.3%): (a) Dr = 50% and (b) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 11:

Effect of different fibre types on maximum shear strength: (a) fibre content = 0.15% and (b) fibre content = 0.3%.
Effect of different fibre types on maximum shear strength: (a) fibre content = 0.15% and (b) fibre content = 0.3%.

Figure 12:

Comparison between glass fibres and polypropylene fibres in terms of variations in vertical displacements (σn = 100 kPa and ρf = 0.3%): (a) Dr = 50% and (b) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Comparison between glass fibres and polypropylene fibres in terms of variations in vertical displacements (σn = 100 kPa and ρf = 0.3%): (a) Dr = 50% and (b) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 13:

Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of fibre-cemented sand (CC = 2.5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of fibre-cemented sand (CC = 2.5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 14:

Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of fibre-cemented sand (CC = 5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of fibre-cemented sand (CC = 5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 15:

Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of cemented sand (CC = 7.5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of cemented sand (CC = 7.5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 16:

Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of cemented sand (CC = 10%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of cemented sand (CC = 10%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 17:

Effect of glass fibre content on vertical displacement of cemented sand (σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%, Dr = 80%): (a) CC = 2.5%, (b) CC = 5%, (c) CC = 7.5% and (d) CC = 10%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on vertical displacement of cemented sand (σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%, Dr = 80%): (a) CC = 2.5%, (b) CC = 5%, (c) CC = 7.5% and (d) CC = 10%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 18:

Variation in maximum shear strength according to cement content (Dr = 80%, ρf = 0.15%). Dr, relative density.
Variation in maximum shear strength according to cement content (Dr = 80%, ρf = 0.15%). Dr, relative density.

Figure 19:

Effect of cement content on glass fibre-reinforced sand–cement mixtures (Dr = 80%): (a) variation in cohesion and (b) variation in internal friction angle. Dr, relative density.
Effect of cement content on glass fibre-reinforced sand–cement mixtures (Dr = 80%): (a) variation in cohesion and (b) variation in internal friction angle. Dr, relative density.

Physical characteristics of Chlef sand_

Materials used CC (%) GS D50 (mm) CU CCURV emin emax
Chlef sand 0 2.7 0.45 2.34 1.39 0.582 0.873

Chemical and mineralogical compositions of the cement [25]_

CEM II/A 42.5
Chemical compositions (%) Mineralogical compositions (%)
SiO2 20.58 C3S 57.79
Al2O3 4.90
Fe2O3 4.70 C2S 20.47
CaO 62.8
SO3 2.28 C3A 7.20
MgO 0.53
K2O 0.42 C4AF 11.49
Na2O 0.12
Free lime 2.17

Physicomechanical characteristics of the glass fibres used [29]_

Name Unit Glass fibres Polypropylene fibres
Colour – White White
Width mm 0.12 0.03
Thickness mm 0.013 –
Specific gravity – 2.62 0.96
Specific weight g/m2 300 –
Tensile strength MPa 2500 500–750
Poisson coefficient – 0.35 –
Shear modulus GPa 29.2 –
Young modulus GPa 73 2.9–3.8
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Nauki o Ziemi, Nauki o Ziemi, inne, Nauka o materiałach, Kompozyty, Materiały porowate, Fizyka, Mechanika i dynamika płynów
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