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Using Triaxial Tests to Determine the Shearing Strength of Geogrid-Reinforced Sand

Šarūnas Skuodis

Šarūnas Skuodis

Department of Reinforced Concrete Structures and Geotechnics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityLithuania
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Skuodis, Šarūnas
, 
Neringa Dirgėlienė

Neringa Dirgėlienė

Department of Reinforced Concrete Structures and Geotechnics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityLithuania
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Dirgėlienė, Neringa
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Jurgis Medzvieckas

Jurgis Medzvieckas

Department of Reinforced Concrete Structures and Geotechnics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityLithuania
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Medzvieckas, Jurgis
  
25 wrz 2020
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Kategoria artykułu: Original Study
Data publikacji: 25 wrz 2020
Zakres stron: 341 - 354
Otrzymano: 16 mar 2020
Przyjęty: 16 lip 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2020-0005
Słowa kluczowe
© 2020 Šarūnas Skuodis et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Granulometric curve of the investigated soil.
Granulometric curve of the investigated soil.

Figure 2

Sample reinforcement with geogrid: left – flexible Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; middle – flexible Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid; right – rigid Secugrid 40/40 Q1 geogrid.
Sample reinforcement with geogrid: left – flexible Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; middle – flexible Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid; right – rigid Secugrid 40/40 Q1 geogrid.

Figure 3

Sample failure shape (from left to right): unreinforced; reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid; reinforced with Secugrid 40/40 Q1 geogrid.
Sample failure shape (from left to right): unreinforced; reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid; reinforced with Secugrid 40/40 Q1 geogrid.

Figure 4

Dependence of stress deviator on the vertical strain of unreinforced and reinforced soil samples with geogrids when the cell pressure σ3 = 100 kPa.
Dependence of stress deviator on the vertical strain of unreinforced and reinforced soil samples with geogrids when the cell pressure σ3 = 100 kPa.

Figure 5

Dependence of stress deviator on the vertical strain of unreinforced and reinforced soil samples with geogrids when the cell pressure σ3 = 200 kPa.
Dependence of stress deviator on the vertical strain of unreinforced and reinforced soil samples with geogrids when the cell pressure σ3 = 200 kPa.

Figure 6

Dependence of stress deviator on the vertical strain of unreinforced and reinforced soil samples with geogrids when the cell pressure σ3 = 300 kPa.
Dependence of stress deviator on the vertical strain of unreinforced and reinforced soil samples with geogrids when the cell pressure σ3 = 300 kPa.

Figure 7

Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid condition: left – geogrid without damages before test; right – geogrid damages after test.
Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid condition: left – geogrid without damages before test; right – geogrid damages after test.

Figure 8

Distribution of stress deviator in vertical cross section when the cell pressure σ3 = 100 kPa: left – unreinforced sample; middle – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; right – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid.
Distribution of stress deviator in vertical cross section when the cell pressure σ3 = 100 kPa: left – unreinforced sample; middle – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; right – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid.

Figure 9

Distribution of stress deviator in the horizontal plane at the geogrid position when the cell pressure σ3 =100 kPa: left – unreinforced sample; middle – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; right – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid.
Distribution of stress deviator in the horizontal plane at the geogrid position when the cell pressure σ3 =100 kPa: left – unreinforced sample; middle – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; right – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid.

Figure 10

Distribution of tension forces along axis 1 in the geogrids when the cell pressure σ3 = 300 kPa: left – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; right – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid.
Distribution of tension forces along axis 1 in the geogrids when the cell pressure σ3 = 300 kPa: left – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; right – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid.

Figure 11

Distribution of shear forces in the geogrids when the cell pressure σ3 = 300 kPa: left – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; right – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid.
Distribution of shear forces in the geogrids when the cell pressure σ3 = 300 kPa: left – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; right – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid.

Figure 12

Distribution of total volumetric strains εv when the cell pressure σ3 = 100 kPa: left – unreinforced sample; middle – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; right – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid.
Distribution of total volumetric strains εv when the cell pressure σ3 = 100 kPa: left – unreinforced sample; middle – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; right – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid.

Figure 13

Distribution of total volumetric strains εv when the cell pressure σ3 = 300 kPa: left – unreinforced sample; middle – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; right – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid.
Distribution of total volumetric strains εv when the cell pressure σ3 = 300 kPa: left – unreinforced sample; middle – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PP 40 geogrid; right – sample reinforced with Basetrac® Grid PET 40 geogrid.

Density of investigated samples_

SampleDensity, g/cm3
Unreinforced1.72–1.73
Basetrac® Grid PP 401.67–1.69
Secugrid 40/40 Q11.69–1.70
Basetrac® Grid PET 401.69–1.72

The main properties of flexible and rigid geogrids (taken from the technical brochures of suppliers)_

PropertiesBasetrac® Grid PP 40Secugrid 40/40 Q1Basetrac® Grid PET 40
Nominal tensile strength (machine direction), nominal tensile strength (cross-machine direction)≥40 kN/m≥40 kN/m≥40 kN/m
Strain at nominal tensile strength7%7%10%
DurabilityPredicted to be durable for a minimum of 100 years in natural soils with 4 ≤ pH ≤ 9 and soil temperatures ≤25 C if covered within 30 days after installationPredicted to be durable for a minimum of 100 years in natural soils with 4 ≤ pH ≤ 9 and soil temperatures ≤25 C if covered within 30 days after installationPredicted to be durable for a minimum of 100 years in natural soils with 4 ≤ pH ≤ 9 and soil temperatures ≤25 C if covered within 30 days after installation

Unreinforced and reinforced soil with geogrid shearing strength_

Peak strength
Test conditionsCell pressure σ3, kPaMax stress deviator σ1–σ3, kPaVertical strain ɛ, %Angle of internal friction ϕ′, °Cohesion c′ kPaShearing strength ratio (reinforced/unreinforced)
Unreinforced104.54380.671.581040.770.00-
202.98627.851.5758-
305.391202.453.4799-
Basetrac® Grid PP 40106.68484.873.323442.2822.821.31
204.78966.783.46151.31
305.301308.824.42831.12
Secugrid 40/40 Q1106.20521.383.003339.7843.471.43
205.65916.873.32321.31
305.131233.043.63461.09
Basetrac® Grid PET 40107.01526.763.317141.9020.271.32
206.10908.435.06381.27
306.441328.614.11521.11

Simulated unreinforced and reinforced soil shearing strength with PLAXIS 3D_

Test conditionsExperimental resultsSimulation
Cell pressure σ3, kPaMax stress deviator σ1–σ3, kPaCell pressure σ3, kPaMax stress deviator σ1–σ3, kPa
Unreinforced104.54380.67100.0365.0
202.98627.85200.0740.0
305.391202.45300.01110.0
Basetrac® Grid PP 40106.68484.87100.0470.0
204.78966.78200.0960.0
305.301308.82300.01410.0
Basetrac® Grid PET 40107.01526.76100.0510.0
206.10908.43200.0910.0
306.441328.61300.01460.0
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Nauki o Ziemi, Nauki o Ziemi, inne, Nauka o materiałach, Kompozyty, Materiały porowate, Fizyka, Mechanika i dynamika płynów
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